We suggest that intralesional immunotherapy with MMR vaccine is a tolerable and effective method for patients who are sensitive to pain, concerned about side effects, or have common warts. Treatment response is improved by increasing the number of injections.
Our previous study demonstrated that a 5% ethanol extract of unripe Rubus coreanus (5-uRCK) has hypo-cholesterolemic and anti-obesity activity. However, the molecular mechanisms of its effects are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that 5-uRCK and one of its major bioactive compounds, ellagic acid, decrease cellular and plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, we investigated the hypocholesterolemic activity and mechanism of 5-uRCK in both hepatocytes and a high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced rat model. Cholesterol in the liver and serum was significantly reduced by 5-uRCK and ellagic acid. The hepatic activities of HMG-CoA and CETP were reduced, and the hepatic activity of LCAT was increased by both 5-uRCK extract and ellagic acid, which also caused histological improvements. The MDA content in the aorta and serum was significantly decreased after oral administration of 5-uRCK or ellagic acid. Further immunoblotting analysis showed that AMPK phosphorylation in the liver was induced by 5-uRCK and ellagic acid, which activated AMPK, inhibiting the activity of HMGCR by inhibitory phosphorylation. In contrast, 5-uRCK and ellagic acid suppressed the nuclear translocation and activation of SREBP-2, which is a key transcription factor in cholesterol biosynthesis. In conclusion, our results suggest that 5-uRCK and its bioactive compound, ellagic acid, are useful alternative therapeutic agents to regulate blood cholesterol.
BackgroundFor many years, the etiology of neonatal occipital alopecia (NOA) has been thought to be friction. It is recently clear that NOA is related to the physiological hair shedding.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with NOA.MethodsMedical records of 240 postpartum patients who had been delivered between January 2006 and June 2007 at our institution were reviewed. Phone interviews with 193 respondents were conducted to investigate the actual conditions of NOA.ResultsNOA was present in 39 babies (20.2%). Univariate analysis showed that NOA was not associated with the baby's sleeping position, but was significantly associated with maternal parturition age, the delivery method, and the gestational age (p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk of NOA was higher in the group younger than 35 years at parturition (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.08~13.82), in the group not undergoing a Caesarean-section delivery (2.47; 1.09~5.60), and in the group delivered after 37 weeks of gestational age (3.36; 1.22~9.26).ConclusionThe pregnancy-related factors, such as non-elderly gravida, non-Caesarean-section delivery, and enough gestational age, were associated with NOA. These findings support the recent theory that NOA is not an acquired alopecia, but a physiological condition, resulting from synchronized shedding of telogen hairs initiated in utero.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the most popular agent today for intradermal injections to improve wrinkles and other cosmetic defects. Ischemic necrosis due to injection of HA is one of the serious complications. Because there are many vascular branches around the nose, caution and care should be given during facial filler injection. Although the incidence is rare, blindness and permanent visual loss may occur. We describe a 29-year-old woman presented with painful erythematous swelling with violaceous patch on right periocular area and glabella after HA filler injection. After injecting the filler, she felt pain and dizziness, and her vision became blurred. She immediately received hyaluronidase around the HA filler inject area and during hospitalized for 10 days, she was successfully treated with systemic steroid, vasodilator, prophylactic antibiotics, and LLLT (low-level laser therapy) without any defects.
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