Nanocrystalline CeO2 as small as 5 nm was successfully prepared by the precipitation method using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer. The methane oxidation temperature of this nanocrystalline CeO2 dropped about 100°C as compared with microcrystalline CeO2.

We have developed a valved organic evaporation source for 4th generation substrate (730*920mm2) which enables shutoff during idling time and open process time only. So we could improve the efficiency of material utilization dramatically compared with conventional sources such as point sources or linear sources. Generally, linear source is longer than width of substrate and it makes material consumed so much. However, a valved source we developed is designed shorter than width of substrate to save material by preventing unnecessary flux out warding the substrate. In addition, it is comprised of 5 individual nozzles which have many holes in order to achieve the desired uniformity. As a result, we could obtain 30% of material utilization and 5% of non‐uniformity for a 730mm wide substrate. We expect this source can improve performance and reduce the COO (Cost of Operation).

String structures have played an important role in algebraic topology, via elliptic genera and elliptic cohomology, in differential geometry, via the study of higher geometric structures, and in physics, via partition functions. We extend the description of String structures from connected covers of the definite-signature orthogonal group O(n) to the indefinite-signature orthogonal group O(p, q), i.e. from the Riemannian to the pseudo-Riemannian setting. This requires that we work at the unstable level, which makes the discussion more subtle than the stable case. Similar, but much simpler, constructions hold for other noncompact Lie groups such as the unitary group U(p, q) and the symplectic group Sp(p, q). This extension provides a starting point for an abundance of constructions in (higher) geometry and applications in physics.