Este trabalho teve como objetivos comparar o crescimento de raízes de cana colhida crua, mecanizada e de cana após a queima, colhida manualmente; avaliar a influência do clima sobre as duas condições de crescimento e analisar o comportamento do crescimento de raízes de cana crua e cana queimada nos 1º e 2º anos de rebrota, através de curvas adaptadas. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Morro Agudo, SP, de julho de 1995 a julho de 1997. A cultivar utilizada foi a SP 70-1143. Utilizou-se como indicadores de crescimento das raízes a matéria seca e o perfil delas no solo. Avaliou-se a influência das temperaturas e das umidades do ar e do solo sobre os tratamentos. Observou-se que o crescimento, no primeiro e no segundo ciclo, não apresentou curvas que indicassem um padrão semelhante, tanto para cana crua, como para cana queimada, os fatores climatológicos, isoladamente, não provocaram mudanças nos ciclos de crescimento de maneira que se identificasse uma tendência geral. As raízes aparecem em maior quantidade em todas camadas do solo em cana crua do que em cana queimada, no primeiro ano e no segundo ano aparecem maiores em cana queimada.
Investigations of local representations about the environment allow for the elucidation of historical landscape transformation and the elaboration of strategies for environmental conservation. Thus, this study aimed to answer the following questions. How does the local population represent the possible changes in riparian vegetation over time? What historical events were responsible for these possible changes? How does the local population represent concerns related to the use and maintenance of riparian vegetation? This study was carried out with 87 informants from three communities: two rural ex-settlement communities and one quilombo in Northeastern Brazil. According to the informants, there were changes in the riparian vegetation. The main causes of these changes include the type of agriculture practiced in the region and the building of a large dam to provide water to the city of Sobradinho in the state of Bahia. However, there was no significant difference between the number of informants who said that the changes were for the worse and those who said that they were for the better. In addition, the respondents reported an increase in the abundance of exotic species and a decrease in the abundance of native species. Thus, the importance of including this group of people in the process of the forest restoration that will occur in the region is emphasized because they possess information about the past vegetation changes and their causes. They can also indicate which species should be prioritized for replanting according to their usage needs and they understand the importance of conserving riparian vegetation.
Se estudió la flora liquénica de 4 turberas (esfagnosa, pulvinada, pulvinada con Donatia fascicularis y pulvinada con Astelia pumila) en la comuna de Tortel, Patagonia chilena. Se encontraron 40 especies de líquenes, 30 corticícolas y 10 terrícolas, los primeros crecen sobre forófitos leñosos que abundan en la turbera esfagnosa. El espectro de origen es muy amplio sin dominancia de ninguna procedencia. De las 40 especies, 35 crecen en la turbera esfagnosa, 23 en la pulvinada, 6 en la de Donatia fascicularis y 4 en la de Astelia pumila. La similitud florística liquénica ordena las turberas de acuerdo con su origen y con la afinidad florística entre plantas vasculares.
nd years of second ratoon cane crop, by means of adapted curves. The research was performed in Morro Agudo, SP, Brazil from July 1995 to July 1997. The cultivar was the SP 70 -1143. As growth indicators the following biometric indexes were used: number of tillers, number of leaves, dry matter of stalks, and leaves and leaf area index (LAI). For each treatment, 4 areas were used, each one being considered a replication. Polynomial regression and non-linear regression were used to adjust the data to the growth curves. The growth in the first cycle was similar for the green and the burned canes. At the beginning of the second cycle the green cane growth was greater, while at the end, the growth was greater for the burned cane. Tillering of the green cane did not present significant differences that confirm the negative influence of the straw in the ratoon cane crop. The climatological factors, separately, did not promote changes in the growth cycles, that could identify a general tendency. The differences in the development expressed on the curve of growth from the 1 st to the 2 nd year are due to the climatological factors, for both, the green and the burned cane. Key words: sugarcane, ecophysiology, burned, environmental impact INTRODUÇÃO A produção de cana-de-açúcar tem sido muito incrementada no Brasil para a fabricação de açúcar, mas principalmente para obtenção de álcool, ao mesmo tempo que continua aumentando a área plantada. Esse aumento gera maior gama de questões a serem respondidas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Entre elas, há a influência sobre a produtividade e sobre o impacto ambiental, causados pela queima da cana. Em cidades que são circundadas por canaviais, foi estabelecido o decreto 28.895/88 que proibiu a queima de cana-de-açúcar em um raio inferior a 1 km em torno da zona urbana.Furlani Neto (1994) ao comparar cana crua e cana queimada destaca como vantagens da primeira: maior proteção do solo contra erosão, redução do uso de herbicidas, melhor matéria-prima para indústria, maior incorporação
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