The research results of the effect of essential oils on the human short-term image and numerical memory have been described. The study involved 79 secondary school students (34 boys and 45 girls) aged 13 to 17 years, residents of the Ukrainian metropolis. Participants were divided into three groups: the control group, ''Lavender" group, in which the lavender essential oil was sprayed, and ''Rosemary" group, in which the rosemary essential oil was sprayed. The statistically significant differences in productivity of the short-term memory of the participants of different groups have been found. Therefore, the essential oils of rosemary and lavender have significantly increased the image memory compared to the control. Inhalation of the rosemary essential oil increased the memorization of numbers, and inhalation of the lavender essential oil weakened this process.

The research results of the effect of essential oil of rosemary on the human short-term image and numerical memory have been described. The study involved 53 secondary school students (24 boys and 29 girls) aged 13-15 years, residents of the Ukrainian metropolis. Participants were divided into the control group and ''Rosemary" group, in which the rosemary essential oil was sprayed. The statistically significant differences in productivity of the short-term memory of the participants of these two groups have been found, while sex differences in uniform groups were absent. Therefore, the essential oil of rosemary has significantly increased the image memory compared to the control. Inhalation of the rosemary essential oil increased the memorization of numbers as well.

Background: The taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is one of the classical genetic markers in human studies. PTC is of great interest from the medical point of view since a number of associations of the taster status with human diseases have been found. The aim of our study was to evaluate the population structure of Ukraine in relation to PTC sensitivity.Methods: The study involved 533 people (78 males and 455 females) aged from 16 to 25 years. The PTC solution in the concentration of 0.13% was prepared according to the method of Harris and Kalmus. The participants of the study analyzed the taste of the filter paper impregnated with PTC. If the trial subjects tasted PTC as ''bitter'', ''very bitter'', ''bitterish'', the phenotype was defined as a taster. If the trial subject did not taste PTC (''no taste'', ''taste of paper''), he/she was referred to a non-taster.Results: The structure of the sample of the Ukrainian population studied in relation to the phenotypic and genotypic frequency associated with the phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity has been studied. It has been shown that in the population there are 22% of those who do not feel the taste of phenylthiocarbamide. Among males there are a few more non-tasters than among females, however, the differences are not significant. The frequency of the dominant and recessive allele of the phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity gene in the sample calculated on the basis of the Hardy-Weinberg equation is generally p T = 0.55 and q t = 0.45, respectively.Conclusions: Frequencies of alleles T and t obtained in the male and female population under research are very close to the frequencies of the same alleles in some populations of India. Data of this study supplement the currently available information in relation to the genetic structure of modern Ukrainian cities.

Aim:Fear is an ancient natural reaction of a human being to a threat and it is also an adaptive feature. Obsessive fear can transfer into phobias, which lead to a clinical problem. In spite of many studies done on fear, many questions are yet not clarified. In the former Soviet Union, research on human behaviour traits was mostly tabooed. The current research will fill some gaps on the ‘behavioural map’ of Ukraine in relationship to fear distributions in two successive generations of residents of Ukraine.Subjects and Methods:Eight hundred and sixty-seven residents of Ukraine, predominantly residents of Kharkov and Kharkov region participated in the study. All participants were distributed into groups of younger and older generations. Twenty-four emotional states of fear have been studied by Ivleva-Shcherbatyh questionnaire, developed and validated in Slavs samples.Results:The population analysis of 24 types of fear has shown that sex differences were found mostly among members of the younger generation. The average value of sex differences from the amplitude trait of variation made up approximately 20%. More significant differences between members of different generations have been found in females. The age dynamics of fears within each generation has been detected.Conclusions:The population analysis of fears in Ukraine has demonstrated that the strongest fears independently of the generation were related to diseases of relatives and to problems in the case of diseases of relatives.