Aim. Health-related quality of life in patients with arterial hypertension (HTN) is still determined by only generic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), although disease-specific ones are more reliable and highly valid. Previously, we reported the results of development and item-selection process of the new Russian HTN-specific PROM. The purpose of this last stage was to confirm validity, reliability, responsiveness and sensitivity of the scale and to present its final version.Material and methods. Analysis was done using data from a mass survey of patients with Grades 1-3 HTN (n=359, aged 25 to 91 y. o.) and healthy volunteers (n=48, aged 23 to 65 y.o), 407 returned questionnaires. We conducted two exploratory factor analyses (EFA) with the intermediate version of the PROM (80 questions, 20 of them HTN-specific). The Cattel’s scree test was used to select the optimal number of factors. After removing the items with a low factor loadings, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to assess the model’s fitindexes adequacy. The core indexes to be measured were SRMR, RMSEA, CFI. Finally, the PROM’s reliability (Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω) and criterion validity (responsiveness) were evaluated.Results. Both EFA with oblique and varimax rotation showed 35 questions have factor loadings ≥0,5 and assigned to one of 5 factors. The basic structure of the PROM was retained for further CFA. Most of indices of fit measured met the requirements: SRMR was 0,08, RMSEA was 0,07 (90% CI (0,07-0,08)) and CFI was 0,08, which confirms the construct validity. Both Cronbach’s α and MacDonald’s ω of each of the domains were ≥0,80 and the whole scale was 0,89 confirming satisfactory reliability. Scores of the questionnaire were positively correlated with the severity of HTN (p<0,001 for Grades 1-3 HTN) and between HTN and non-HTN patients (p=0,01 and 0,04 in psychologic and social domains respectively).Conclusion. Sequentially addressing of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and assessment of reliability and responsiveness allowed to form the final version of the patient-reported outcome measure for arterial hypertension. The new Russian-language questionnaire is a useful and feasible tool for routine practice and clinical trials.
Введение. В статье рассматриваются возможности комплексного (психофизиологического и экспериментально-психологического) подхода к диагностике когнитивных процессов для объективизации нарушений у пациентов с шизофренией. Новизна заключается в применении психофизиологических методов к изучению нарушений восприятия и мышления при шизофрении. Актуальным является уточнение взаимосвязи когнитивного функционирования с функциональным состоянием магноцеллюлярных и парвоцеллюлярных нейронных зрительных сетей и их динамики в процессе развития и хронизации заболевания. Замысел авторов состоял в доказательстве того, что рассогласование в работе данных нейронных систем приводит к нарушениям целостности зрительного восприятия и, в последующем, к нарушению селективности мышления, что затрудняет оценку и выбор значимой, существенной информации при формировании суждений, препятствует построению полноценной и адекватной картины окружающего мира. Методы. Исследование проводилось с помощью методов визоконтрастометрии, оценивалась контрастная чувствительность и помехоустойчивость. Для диагностики когнитивных функций использовался экспериментально-психологический метод с применением нейро- и патопсихологических методик: «Исключение 4-го лишнего», «Сравнение понятий», «Фигуры Поппельрейтера» и «Незавершенные изображения». Результаты и их обсуждение. Проведен анализ функционального состояния магноцеллюлярной и парвоцеллюлярной зрительных систем, особенностей их взаимодействия и когнитивных функций на разных этапах заболевания. Обнаружены взаимосвязи психофизиологических характеристик восприятия с процессами восприятия, памяти, внимания и мышления. Полученные данные позволили установить, что активность магноцеллюлярной системы связана с особенностями восприятия, рабочей памяти и свойствами внимания. Гиперактивация магноцеллюлярной системы сопровождается нарушением избирательности внимания. Обнаружен вклад магно- и парвоцеллюлярной систем (механизмы глобального и локального анализа) в осуществление процессов мышления. Гипоактивация парвоцеллюлярной системы приводит к снижению селективности мышления. Выявлено снижение активности обеих нейронных систем в процессе хронизации заболевания.
The clinical symptoms of chiasmal-cellular formations are similar, which significantly complicates its differential diagnostics. The differential diagnostics of chiasmal-cellular cysts, which include colloid cysts, arachnoid cysts, Rathke’s pouch cysts, epidermoid and dermoid cysts, is especially difficult. Nevertheless, an accurate preoperative differential diagnostics of chiasmal-cellular cysts is an important stage of preparation for surgical treatment, which allows determining the surgical tactics in advance, because each group of chiasmal-cellular cysts has its own features of surgical treatment, which significantly reduce the number of complications and minimize the number of recurrences. This study intended to improve the efficiency of diagnostics of the chiasmal-cellular cysts by determining the criteria for its differential diagnostics. 94 patients with chiasmal-cellular cysts and pituitary adenomas were examined and treated in the period of 2009 and 2018 for this purpose. As the most frequent pathology of the chiasmal-cellular area, pituitary adenomas were selected as a comparison group due to the fact that it is often necessary to differentiate chiasmal-cellular cysts with this pathology. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to the nosology of the disease. Clinical picture, laboratory analysis and MRI data were studied in each group. Statistical analysis and comparison of the data obtained among all groups were performed, and it allowed to determine the distinctive diagnostic features incidental to each group. It is possible to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis based on the specific features of differential diagnostics.
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