Article InfoGrain Rot Disease (Bacterial Grain Rot) or Bacterial Panicle Blight becomes a serious threat to rice farmers in Indonesia. Agricultural Quarantine Office in Makassar (2016) and Pare-Pare (2017) confirmed that this disease has spread throughout the rice development area in South Sulawesi, but unfortunately Food Crops and Horticulture Protection Service has not made this disease as the main disease that should be monitored regularly. This is probably due to the difficulty of control measures as the symptoms of BG disease which in general occur only when the phase is generative and often the symptoms are confused with other pest symptoms such as blast, bacterial blight, stink bugor others. To overcome this problem, a fast, accurate, and simple method must be developed to diagnose the causal agent. To evaluate this method 8 isolates of Bulkholderia glumae were obtained from several varieties and several locations. For comparison, several pathogenic bacterial isolates in rice plants. The KOH3% test results showed that the whole isolates were negative. In the media King's B shows positive in the production of toxoflavin, catalase and negative results in the arginine dehydrolase test, levan production, and gelatin liquefaction tests. The occurrence of maceration symptoms in onion slices provides more convincing evidence for the presence of B. glumae bacteria in rice. The hypersensitive reaction test in tobacco cannot be used as a benchmark because only 5 isolates react positively while the other 3 isolates react negatively. Through a series of results the tests showed differences in the characteristics of B. glumae bacteria with bacteria that cause rice diseases such as: Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (leaf blight), X. oryzae pv oryzycola (leaf streak), so that the method can be used by pest observers and students to determine quickly, accurately, and simple for the presence of B. glumae bacteria in rice. The accuracy of the system will then be confirmed through molecular testing with specific primers.

Bacterial grain rot disease on rice plantation is a new disease in Indonesia. The disease become a big threat for formers in Indonesia because it causes high losses and no effective means of control has yet been found. This study was aimed to identify the causal agent of grain rot disease by PCR technique using specific B. glumae primers (1418S and 1418A) in 17 bacterial isolates obtained from several regions and rice varieties. Stages of the used method include extraction and amplification of DNA and continued with secuencing. The secencing result were processed using the BLAST program and compared with NCBI data for phylogenetic analysis. All isolates tested were morphological and physiological testing before. The amplification result showed that all 17 isolates tested produced DNA band in the size of ± 571 bp. These results indicated that all test isolates were classified as B.glumae. 4 of the isolates that had their DNA bases sequenced were then confirmed in the BLAST program from NCBI with results that showed that B.glumae isolates were found to have values homology 98-99% with Burkholderia glumae LMG 2196 = ATCC 33617 in Genebank.

Bacterial grain rot caused by bacteria Burkholderia Glumae (BG), is a new disease found in South Sulawesi. Maros area as one of rice production centers began to be detected by BG attack in 2015 from the results of monitoring BBKP Makassar, but there are no further studies on the epidemiology of the disease in cropping. BBB disease can easily infect through the seeds. The spread of seedlings without the seed health test and the inclusion of the hybrid import seeds also spur the spread and malignancy of BBB disease in the field. Extreme weather changes are one of the factors that cause an explosion of the disease in various countries so that it can cause a loss of results ranged from 40-70%. This research aims to determine the agroclimatic relationship to the intensity of BBB disease. Based on the observation of the agroclimatic and the intensity of the BBB disease in Maros Regency for two planting seasons (IP 300-Rendan) shows that the dominant disease attack occurs during the rainy season (November-March) in the planting season of IP 300 and With air temperature ranging from 320 C and humidity 67%. The disease intensity of some varied varieties ranges from 17.5-73%