In recent years, the upward trend of sea level rise caused by climate change continues to increase. This condition threatens urbanization that occurs in urban areas, especially in coastal area. Coastal is a strategic location for various activities such as ports, recreation, fisheries and agriculture, but it is vulnerable to changes caused by community and natural activities. Semarang is one of the coastal city located in the north of Central Java. Dense and slum settlements are dominating the coastal area of Semarang, one of them is fisherman’s settlement in Tambak Lorok. This area has been undergoing land subsidence for a long time and is now threatened by sea level rise due to climate change. The purpose of this study is to formulate adaptive urban design principles on land subsidence and sea level rise in Tambak Lorok, Semarang. This study is carried out with qualitative method using the approach of research and development in building a formula that applies to the conditions formed by land subsidence and sea level rise. The design principles formulated from this study are general principles that serve as guidelines for designing coastal areas that adaptive to land subsidence and sea level rise. We believe, the adaptation of urban space can reduce the impact of the disaster and create a resilient coastal area to reduce the risk of natural-induced disasters.

As technology develops in passenger vehicles, occupant safety is an issue that cannot be ignored, especially with regard to child occupants. Therefore, the child occupant safety should be given emphasis in the car assessment program to increase car safety levels and to primarily ensure children’s safety during travels. To this end, ASEAN NCAP through its child occupant protocol recommends the use of a Child Restraint System (CRS). This study evaluates the level of vehicle users’ awareness of the use of CRS (ownership and usage) in Indonesia and Vietnam. In this study, 336 Indonesian and 119 Vietnamese parents with children aged six years or below were asked to fill out the questionnaire both online and in written form. In Indonesia, the data showed that 70% of the participants owned CRS, while the rest either unrestrained or used the vehicle seat belts for their children. In Vietnam, 77% of the participants owned CRS. Moreover, there were approximately 26% respondents in Indonesia, and 9% in Vietnam who did not use the CRS. Parents did not use CRS for their children due to several reasons, namely children refusal and parents’ preference to place children on their lap. In Indonesia, only 58% of children used proper CRS according to their age group, and 35% of the parents installed CRS properly per the user manuals. In addition, more than 50% of the 28 surveyed vehicles in Indonesia were fitted with ISOFIX standard CRS attachment. Furthermore, it appears that there was high enthusiasm among parents to use CRS based on their willingness to pay for it. However, initiatives such as social awareness campaigns or even regulation should be considered to increase CRS usage both in Indonesia and Vietnam.

Urban geometry is one of the important issues in creating a low-carbon sustainable dwelling area. Open spaces located in the settlement area is one of many elements that help to balance the energy exchange process that occurs in the land surface. The balance between energy absorption and emittance can prevent the occurrence of Urban Heat Island (UHI) which increases air temperature. Desa Sruni is one of the high-density villages located in Wonosobo, Central Java. The village is dominated by settlements that almost reach 60% of the area while the rest is impervious surface used for circulation and vacant lands. This study aims to find the effect of urban geometry changes on urban climatic conditions in Desa Sruni. The research is carried out by using a quantitative method with the help of Envi-met to find the value of some variables such as Sky View Factor (SVF), Air Temperature (Ta), Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) and Wind Speed (Ws). The outcome of this study can be used as a further reference to create a design recommendation on low-carbon development in Desa Sruni.

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