Introduction. The aim of the study was to analyze the quantitative relationship between the perceived intensity of the odours and its “offensiveness” (“annoyance potential”) in experimental organoleptic studies using the example of various perfumery aromatic compositions. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on the example of 22 perfume compositions (aromatic fragrances) used in the production of perfumery and cosmetic products. In total, 440 odorimetric measurements were carried out as part of the experiment. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the software Statistica for windows “StatSoft’ v. 7.0. Results. The linear association was revealed (R = 0.844; p = 0.0000008) between the perceived intensity of the aromatic compositions’ odour and its offensiveness (“annoyance potential”), defined as the percentage of positive responses; and the moderate linear association (R = 0.472; p=0.026) between the intensity of the odour and the sense of annoyance caused thereby, expressed in points. At the same time, a subjective assessment of the odour as annoying increases the likelihood of a higher assessment of its intensity. Limitation. The limitations of this study are associated with a relatively small number of participants, as well as the use of a relatively new method for recording the effects of odour stimuli, which requires additional testing. Conclusion. The intensity of the perceived odour was established to be an indicator that reflects not only its strength (concentration), but also a subjective attitude to it, reliably reflecting the degree of annoyance (feeling of “offensiveness”) by the odour present in the air, and, accordingly, can be taken as a base for establishing air quality criteria by odour in the environment. Keywords: odour intensity; “offensiveness” of the odour; “annoyance potential”; organoleptic studies; odorimetry; aromatic compositions Compliance with ethical standards. The consent of the local ethics committee of the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia was obtained for the conduct of the research (protocol No. 3 dated August 17, 2020). Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".

Introduction. Expansion of approaches to assessing the odour of substances polluting the atmospheric air, with the introduction of odorimetry (measuring the strength, intensity of odour) into practice indicates that the existing classification of the olfactory hazard of odorous components according to the “undefined” odour needs to be updated. Materials and methods. Experimental studies with the definition of a quantitative expression of the dependence of the likelihood of odour detection of different strengths on the concentration were carried out using the example of 13 mixtures of volatile organic substances on a dynamic olfactometer. The volume of olfacto-odorimetric studies was over 4600 measurements. Statistical data analysis was performed using the Probit Analysis computer program (v.4.0). Results. Based on the studies carried out, it was found that the lower the ratio of the concentration causing a 5% probability of detection of odour with a strength of 3 points (threshold of “offensiveness”, Limoff.) to the concentration causing a 50% probability of “undefined” odour (detection threshold or the threshold for an “indeterminate” odour, Limindef.), the more dangerous the substance is in relation to the development of an “offensive” odour. A new classification of the hazard of substances is proposed, taking into account the “offensiveness” of their odour: extremely offensive (Limoff./Limindef. ≤1.5), offensive (Limoff./Limindef. ≤3), moderately offensive (Limoff./Limindef. ≤6), slightly offensive (Limoff./Limindef. > 6). Limitations. This study is not without certain limitations, among which the main ones are the use of a relatively new method that requires additional testing; a relatively small number of study participants; methods for presenting odor stimuli and registering them. Conclusion. The ability of odorous substances to cause a feeling of “offensiveness” (“annoyance potential”), and, accordingly, their hazard class depends on the characteristics of the spectra of graph dependences of the probability of different strengths odour on the concentration on the probabilistic grid and the ratio of the parameters of the resulting dependencies.

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Состояние окружающей среды в городах с населением более 0,5 млн жителей часто характеризуется как неблагополучное. В структуре приоритетных факторов риска для здоровья населения крупных городов ведущее место принадлежит загрязнению атмосферного воздуха. Вторым по значимости фактором риска является неудовлетворительное качество воды системы хозяйственно-питьевого водоснабжения. Цель исследования-выявление и оценка факторов риска среды обитания, приоритетных для здоровья населения, проживающего на территории административных районов г. Красноярска. Состояние атмосферного воздуха, воды и почвы в Красноярске изучали по данным государственных докладов, аналитических обзоров 2013-2017 гг., официальных данных о содержании загрязняющих веществ в пробах атмосферного воздуха и воды в 2017-2018 гг. Оценка рисков для здоровья населения проводилась в соответствии с Руководством Р 2.1.10.1920-04. Установлено, что основной вклад в развитие неканцерогенных эффектов в Красноярске вносит загрязнение атмосферного воздуха, за исключением Центрального района, где преобладает влияние химических веществ, поступающих в организм с питьевой водой. Наименьшее влияние на состояние здоровья населения г. Красноярска и отдельных районов оказывает загрязнение почвы. Канцерогенный риск при ингаляционном поступлении химических веществ с атмосферным воздухом соответствует предельно допустимому риску, а при поступлении пероральным путем с питьевой водой на порядок превышает допустимый уровень, рекомендуемый ВОЗ. Наиболее высокий вклад в суммарный канцерогенный риск при воздействии химических веществ, содержащихся в питьевой воде, поступающих в организм пероральным путем, вносит бенз(а) пирен, на 2-м и 3-м местах находятся мышьяк и хром. Основным источником загрязнения атмосферного воздуха бенз(а)пиреном является Красноярский алюминиевый завод (РУСАЛ)-объём выбросов около 99 %, 2-е и 3-е места занимают соответственно бытовые печи, ТЭЦ и автотранспорт (менее 0,3 %). Ключевые слова: окружающая среда, химические вещества, риск, городское население ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH HAZARDS POSED BY CHEMICALS IN A LARGE INDUSTRIAL CITY Meshkov N.A.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether exposure to odours of model food odourants can lead to a change in biochemical and immunological parameters that we previously used when examining the population in the area of food industry enterprises location using the method of quantitative olfacto-odorimetry. Methods. The specified concentrations of aerosols of three food flavours (orange, cognac and coffee) were supplied to the participants of the studies with a help of ECOMA T08 olfactometer. Quantitative composition of the aerosols was controlled by GC/MS. In participants saliva samples taken before, during and at the end of each experiment, the intensity of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, the content of secretory IgA, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, the activity of α-amylase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase were determined. For data analysis, paired Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used with Bonferroni correction for the problem of multiple comparisons. Results. A reliable effect of the smell of food odourants was found on one indicator only - the activity of salivary α-amylase - when combining data from 5 separate experiments (n=45): 93.3[24.3;160.0] U/ml at the end of the experiments against background values of 109.9 [42.5; 216.7] U/ml;, p=0.0096 with a significance level of p=0.05/3=0.017. A decrease in the average values of salivary α-amylase activity was shown to hide opposite changes in individual values: an increase in activity in people with low background values (below the median of the initial distribution) and an amplitude-dominant decrease - in people with high background values (above median). The revealed phenotypic polymorphism of α-amylase regulation contributes to one of relevant Post-COVID areas - the study of the ability of people to perceive odours and react to them. Limitations. The use of olfacto-odorimetry to study effect of odours on human health indicators is promising, but requires design of protocols with extended exposure time. Conclusion. A decrease in average values of salivary α-amylase activity with distinctive forestall of the upper quartile may be a sign of human reflex re sponse to the emission of odourous substances in the areas of food industry.