. The paper presents an analysis of literary sources, which shows the importance of expanding the range of functional products and the relevance of developing technology for the integrated processing of Jerusalem artichoke tubers. For experimental studies used standardized techniques. Using the Ishikawa diagram, the most significant causal relationships of the main factors that influence the quality of healthy food products prepared on the basis of the Jerusalem artichoke are identified. Studies of the amino acid composition of tubers and limiting amino acid established. The main raw material is tested for the content of heavy metals and nitrates. The possibility of excluding the “cleaning” technological operation was experimentally substantiated and confirmed by microbiological studies. We have studied the effect of microwave processing at different processing modes to reduce the microbiological contamination of raw materials. Technologies have been developed for the processing of topinambur into candied peel and fermented products. In the technology of candied peel, to reduce the mass fraction of sugar in the finished product, which is used for sprinkling, a mixture of fructose and pectin was used. Drying was carried out to achieve in the finished candied mass fraction of moisture 14%. The parameters of the Jerusalem artichoke fermentation process were established: temperature - 20 ° С, duration 10 days, the amount of the added starter was 1% of the mass of the prepared raw material. Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum strain AH 11/16 were used as the starter. Fermentation was carried out before the accumulation of titratable acids 0.8 ... 0.9%, in terms of lactic acid. A flow chart of the integrated processing of Jerusalem artichoke tubers into functional food products is presented. A tasting of the developed samples was carried out, which showed high organoleptic indicators of the quality of the finished product. The developed technologies have been tested in restaurant facilities.
Qualitative parameters of foams, received due to glutin were studied. Technological conditions for receiving food foams were optimized. Their microstructure was determined; it was demonstrated that foam bubbles have the spherical form with the size from 50 mcm to 200 mcm (at the shaking temperature 9°С), at increasing the temperature of foam creation to 20 °С, the mean bubble size reaches 1530 mcm. The data, obtained using IR-spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of free groups, able to bind free water molecules. The obtained microphotos of hydrated glutin demonstrated that the crystal form had not been destructed by the alkaline hydrolysis, partially dissolved at hydratation. The obtained data give a possibility to recommend collagen hydrolyzate as an effective foaming agent and stabilizer of food systems at producing beverages of raw material fruits.
Розроблені рецептури ексртудованих продуктів на основі зерна цукрової кукурудзи, голозерного ячменю, коренеплодів моркви, кореню солодки та гідролізату колагена. Визначено фізико-хімічні показники (намокаємість, перетравлювальність, мікроструктура) отриманих екструдатів, представлено апаратурно-технологічну схему виробництва, проведено аналіз таких показників як намокання та перетравлюваність. Дослідження складу мікронутрієнтів показало, що споживання 100 г паличок «Кукурудзянка» задовольняє потреби людини в вітамінах А та В 6 на 76,62 та 75,76 % відповідно, а «Кукурудзянка+» на 80 та 79,25 %. З отриманих данних можна побачити, що при збільшенні температури та рН середовища здатність до намокання розроблених паличок підвищується в середньому на 14…15 %. Дослідженнями in vitro встановлено, що розроблені продукти мають досить високий ступінь засвоюваності, який сягає майже 85 %. Отримані дані дослідження якісних показників показали, що при зберіганні протягом 6 місяців при температурі (15± 5) °С вологістю 70-75 % в поліпропіленовій упаковці, вміст санітарно-показових мікроорганізмів відповідає санітарно-гігієнічним вимогам до сухих сніданків. Розроблені продукти мають високий вміст білкових речовин, що є досить важливо з точки зору забезпечення потреб організму сучасної людини. Споживання 100 г паличок забезпечить організм людини незамінними амінокислотами в загальному майже на 24,1 %. Представлені в дослідженні продукти відрізняються досить високим вмістом основних, необхідних для організму людини мікронутрієнтів, а саме кальцію, фосфору та калію. Розроблені екструдати можуть бути рекомендовані для вживання підлітками, дітьми, дієтичному харчуванні, та споживання інших верств населення Ключові слова: математичне моделювання, показники якості, кукурудзяна крупа, екструдовані продукти, білок, колаген, зберігання, переробка зерна
The recipes of extruded products, namely corn sticks “Kukurudzianka” and “Kukurudzianka+” based on sugar corn grain with the increased content of vitamins and protein were developed. The recipe of extruded grain products was optimized using an inset Excel Solver of a table processor MS Excel (WINDOWS 2010). The developed extrudates may be recommended for consumption by teenagers, children, at dietary nutrition, and consumption by other population layers. Physical-chemical parameters of obtained extrudates were determined, the analysis of such parameters as soaking and digestion ability was conducted. The in vitro studies established that the developed products have a high level of assimilability, reaching almost 85 %. The obtained data of studying quality parameters demonstrated that at storage during 6 months at temperature (15±5) °С humidity 70–75 % in the polypropylene package, the content of sanitary-demonstrative microorganisms corresponds to sanitary-hygienic requirements to dry breakfasts. The developed products have the high content of protein substances that is important in the aspect of consuming need of the modern human’s organism. Consumption of 100 g of sticks provides the human organism with irreplaceable amino acids in general by 24,1 %. The products, presented in the study differ by the high content of main nutrients, necessary for the human organism. The content of calcium satisfies almost 13 % of the daily need, phosphorus – 75 % and potassium – 9 % at consumption of 100 g of corn sticks “Kukurudzianka” and “Kukurudzianka+”.
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