KEY WORDS: fast food; obesity; soft drink ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Obesitas pada saat ini telah menjadi masalah kesehatan dan berhubungan dengan terjadinya peningkatan penyakit tidak menular. Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas disertai pergeseran pola makan yang komposisinya mengandung tinggi lemak, kolesterol, tetapi rendah serat seperti konsumsi fast food dan soft drink. Ketidakseimbangan asupan gizi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terhadap munculnya obesitas pada remaja. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi obesitas dan faktor risiko asupan energi dan frekuensi konsumsi fast food dan soft drink terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja sekolah menengah atas (SMA) di Kota Pontianak. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Besar sampel sebanyak 160 orang, terdiri atas 80 orang remaja SMA obes dan 80 orang remaja SMA tidak obes. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dengan cara proportional stratified random sampling. Penentuan status obesitas subjek dengan cara pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan berdasarkan standar rujukan WHO/NCHS. Data asupan konsumsi fast food dan soft drink berdasarkan wawancara dengan SQFFQ. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square, uji t, dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Prevalensi obesitas pada remaja SMA di Kota Pontianak sebesar 9,29%. Adanya hubungan antara asupan energi fast food total dengan obesitas (p<0,05; OR=2,27; 95% CI=1,12-4,64). Konsumsi asupan energi fast food modern, fast food lokal, dan soft drink dengan obesitas tidak berhubungan bermakna (p>0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi fast food total dan fast food lokal dengan obesitas (p<0,05; OR=2,03; 95 CI=1,03-4,00 dan p<0,05; OR=2,63; 95% CI=1,33-5,25). Frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern dan soft drink dengan obesitas tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna (p>0,05). Asupan energi total merupakan faktor yang paling dominan terhadap terjadinya obesitas (p<0,05; OR=5,27; 95% CI=1,64-16,97). Simpulan: Konsumsi fast food merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas sedangkan konsumsi soft drink bukan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas pada remaja SMA di Kota Pontianak.

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Background: The prevalence of osteoporosis as defined by bone mineral density (BMD) > - 2.5 below the average of young women in Indonesia is not yet known; however the risk for the prevalence of osteoporosis is relatively high. Nutrients especially micronutrients have an important role in maintaining bone status. Yet, until today millions of people have micronutrient deficiency in vitamin and mineral such as calcium, zinc and beta-carotene.Objective: To identify the relationship between intake of vitamin A, C and mineral calcium, phosphor, zinc and ratio of intake of calcium and phosphor and BMD.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Subject of the study were young women of 35 – 40 years old at Health Fitness Centre of the Ministry of Health in 2007.  There were as many as 102 subjects purposively taken. The dependent variable of the study was BMD and the independent variables were intake of vitamin A, C, and mineral calcium, phosphor, zinc and ratio of calcium and phosphor intake. The confounding variables were nutritional status, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, genetic, disease and medication factors. Intake data were obtained through blood record and food frequency methods. Data analysis used chi square, Fisher’s exact test and independent t-test.Results: The proportion of BMD of young women was 6,9% osteoporosis, 32,4% osteopenia and 60,8% normal. Young women with good intake of vitamin A and C, calcium, phosphor, zinc had average score of BMD as much as 0,35 point; 0,36 point and 0,97 point; 1,02 point; 1,26 point subsequently higher than those with less intake. Young women with ratio of good calcium and phosphor intake had BMD score as much as 1,13 point lower than those with ratio of poor calcium and phosphor intake. However, the relationship between intake of vitamin A, C, calcium, phosphor, zinc and ratio of calcium and phosphor intake and BMD was statistically insignificant (p>0.05).Conclusion: The relationship between intake of vitamin A, C, calcium, phosphor, zinc and ratio of calcium and phosphor intake and BMD was statistically insignifcant. Young women with good intake of vitamin A, C and calcium, phosphor, zinc tended to have higher score of BMD than those with poor intake.

Background: The prevalence of obesity in young children and adolescents has been increasing very dramatically during the last two decades, especially in big cities. High intake of energy and fat may have contributed to obesity.Objective: To examine the relationship between energy intake, fat intake and obesity among adolescents.Method: A Case Control Study was conducted in 2003. Subjects were Junior High School students, age 10–15 years, living in the city of Jogjakarta and Bantul Regency were included in the study. Data on  nutrition intake were collected by using Food Frequency Questionnaires from 140 obese and 140 non obese junior high school students.Results: On average, the energy intake among cases and controls from the city of Jogjakarta were 2818,32 ± 618,05 kcal/day and 2210,42 ± 329,81 kcal/day respectively. Whereas total average of energy intake among  cases and controls from Bantul were 2416,99 ± 673,52 kcal/day and 1778,09 ± 312,03 kcal/day respectively. Obesity was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with total energy and fat intakes in both city Jogjakarta and Bantul.Conclusion: Obesity was associated with total energy and fat intakes in Junior High School Students.

Diet Quality is an important factor to control blood glucose and it could avoid the patient of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) from complication. Socio-demography factors and family support could impact management of T2DM. The ojective of the study to know the relationship of diet quality, sociodemography factors, and family support to control blood glucose in patient with T2DM at Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Hospital. A cross-sectional study was used in this study to know the relationship of diet quality, socio-demography factors, and family support to control blood glucose. Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was used to assess diet quality of all subjects. Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS) questionnaire was used to know about family support. Data were analyzed using path regression to know the relationship of diet quality, socio-demography factors, and family support to HbA1c. The result showed that all subjects had score of diet quality approximately 55.97 ± 6.1. Income and education level factors had significant relationship with diet quality, i.e. 6.55 percent and 7.11 percent (p<0.05). There was inverse relationship between family support and HbA1c level. Income and education level factors have affect on diet quality. No correlation found between diet quality, socio-demography factors and family support with HbA1c level.