Modern software development is based on a systems approach, in which a program or software complex is considered as a system of interacting software components. Models of software components are analogs of complex system subsystems. Therefore, a complex program is considered as a system of software components. The organization of the structure of software components affects the quality and result of the program. The organization of interaction between software components affects the efficiency of the program. An important factor in the system of software components is the life cycle, which determines the effectiveness and feasibility of using this program. Software differs from many complex systems and information systems in that it has the ability to increase its life cycle. Moreover, the need to increase the life cycle is characterized by two factors: external and internal. The internal factor arises due to the obsolescence of the program. In this case, it does not meet the new conditions, for example, a new operating system. The external factor arises from external influences in the form of interference or purposeful actions, such as computer viruses. The problem of creating the structure of software components of computing systems and information systems that ensure the duration of the life cycle in the presence of external influences is topical. The study of this problem contributes to the improvement of the technological base of computing systems and information systems that solve applied problems. The article presents a new life cycle model based on two models of growth and degradation. The article recommends a resource-based approach for life cycle assessment. As an analytical solution, it is proposed to use a logistic equation, which describes the mechanisms of the life cycle formation process quite well. The article discusses three types of resource in calculations: physical, technological and communicative. A general redundancy solution is proposed to create a network with the inclusion of a multigraph model.

The model of apperception of information in cognitive analysis is studied in the article. The content of the holistic image formation is described with highlighting the receiving process (reception) of original perception (perception) and consciousness (apperception). The difference between reception, perception and apperception is shown. The article introduces a new model for the formation of a system image in a cognitive analysis. The content of the cognitive chain of medical information analysis is revealed. Three stages of cognitive analysis are described. The article introduces a new model, i. e. the apperception information model. This model serves as the basis for the formation of an information image in cognitive analysis. This model serves as the basis for diagnostics. Apperceptive analysis and modelling are described.

The problem of testing in education is relevant for many countries. Testing solves three problems. The first task is to assess the quality of current training. The second task is to conduct a comparative analysis of learning outcomes. The third task is the management of the educational process in a particular educational institution and in the education sector. This determines the relevance of testing and the relevance of developing new methods for assessing test results. The article proposes a new method for assessing test results for different situations: “teacher– student”, computer test, virtual testing model, test on a mixed reality model and others. To solve the problem, a special quasi-sigmoidal function is introduced. It is analogous to the logistic function, but takes into account the peculiarities of real testing of students. The logistic function ranges from minus infinity to plus infinity. There are no negative assessments in education. The introduced function lies only in the positive range of the argument. It describes actual positive scores when testing students. The authors called this function the complexity function. With its help, the complexity of the subject is assessed according to the test results. To substantiate the method, the function of the logarithms of the odds, logistic regression and the resulting Rush method are investigated. The article notes two shortcomings of the Rush method. The testing principle has been defined for the new function, which is used to estimate complexity. The article introduces two new concepts: the test difficulty function and the integral test score. Integral assessment of testing is a smooth function and makes it possible to go from a stepwise dependence to a continuous one. The cumulative test score translates the point test results into a continuous function and creates a correlation between the scores. The results of an experiment with the participation of RTU MIREA students are presented. The experimental results are analyzed. The possibility of using the method in educational processes is shown. The method is an alternative to the Rush method.

The article deals with the problems of powerful electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic compatibility in the electric power industry. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern systems and methods for minimizing powerful electromagnetic fields in the electric power industry. The analysis of modern systems and assessment of the electromagnetic environment at the energy facility will make it possible to develop and implement upgrades that increase the security of the object.

РезюмеЦели. Потребность в применении методов и моделей поддержки учебного процесса в образовательных организациях высшего образования, в т.ч. формирования и управления программами учебных дисциплин (ПУД), определяется растущей необходимостью активного внедрения средств автоматизации, включая комплексные информационные системы. Это вызвано наличием нормативно-правовых и социальных факторов, приводящих, с одной стороны, к существенному увеличению объемов и категорий информации, циркулирующей в рамках бизнес-процессов образовательной организации, а с другой стороны, к расширению требований, предъявляемых к обеспечению защиты информации, ее хранению и передаче. В 2018-2019 гг. Правительством Российской Федерации утверждены национальные проекты «Цифровая экономика» и «Образование» (в т.ч. федеральный проект «Цифровая образовательная среда»), подчеркивающие растущую роль процессов информатизации и цифровизации в образовании. Следует отметить очевидное несоответствие между характеристиками существующих в образовательных организациях информационных потоков и способами их сбора, обработки, хранения, анализа и применения на практике. Одной из важнейших составляющих образовательного процесса в организациях высшего образования является ПУД, позволяющая организовать взаимосвязи между различными составляющими учебного процесса: учебным планом, компетенциями, направлениями подготовки, технологиями обучения и способами осуществления контрольной проверки знаний обучающихся. Разработка и реализация ПУД является трудоемким и вариативным процессом, который требует внедрения информационных технологий. Цель работы -анализ объема и структуры образовательных программ учреждения для выявления требований к необходимому программному обеспечению. Методы. Рассмотрена классификация систем управления обучением по различным признакам, ключевые требования к учебным дисциплинам и структура ПУД. Результаты. Проведен анализ связей ПУД и ключевых сущностей учебного процесса. Рассмотрены функциональные возможности модуля собственной разработки ПУД для внедрения в РТУ МИРЭА, направленные на обеспечение взаимосвязи, прозрачности и доступности связей между параметрами учебной дисциплины и ее разделами. Выводы. Введение модуля ПУД позволит уменьшить временны́е затраты на разработку программы путем предоставления универсальных шаблонов учебных дисциплин, возможности автозаполнения их параметров, отслеживания текущего статуса ПУД, и повысит уровень информированности участников образовательного процесса.Ключевые слова: образовательный процесс, управление данными, образовательная среда, информационные системы поддержки учебного процесса, образовательные программы и стандарты, программы учебных дисциплин