An epidemiological study has been carried out among 1,479 male workers who started working at the "Mayak" Production Association in 1948-1958 and were exposed to external gamma radiation and plutonium aerosols. Lung cancer mortality for the follow-up period 1948-1993 has been analyzed. No statistically significant association of lung cancer mortality and external gamma-ray dose has been revealed in the range of accumulated doses of 0.2-5.5 Gy. Association of lung cancer mortality and the dose of alpha-particle radiation to the lung is statistically significant. In the dose range below 30 Sv, this association can be described in terms of a linear nonthreshold function. Lifetime lung cancer risk in the dose range below 30 Sv is 1.21 x 10(-2)Sv(-1).

The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 138 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 141 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0 to -20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micron during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. Four different prototypes have been built. All magnets have iron poles and use Samarium Cobalt to provide the magnetic fields. Two use rotating permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient, one uses a sliding shunt to vary the gradient and the fourth uses counter rotating magnets. Preliminary data on gradient strength, temperature stability, and magnetic center position stability are presented. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnetic prototype. NLC DESIGNThe Next Linear Collider 1 (NLC) is future electron/positron collider that is based on copper accelerator structures powered with 11.4GHz X-band RF. It is designed to begin operations with a center-of-mass energy of 500GeV or less, depending on the physics interest, and to be adiabatically upgraded to 1 TeV cms with a luminosity of 2~3 x 10 34 cm -2 s -1 . The facility is roughly 30 km in length and supports two independent interaction regions. For the main linac there will be over 1400 quadrupoles between the accelerator structures. To reduce costs and increase reliability adjustable permanent magnets are considered for these structures. Based on Fermilab's experience with permanent magnets used in their Recycler, a collaboration between SLAC and Fermilab is exploring designs and prototypes. . To achieve the required pole tip field rare earth permanent magnets are required. Samarium Cobalt (Sm 2 Co 17 ) was chosen for its high residual B field (Br) and small temperature variation of the field. The center stability requirement of ±0.001 mm is driven by the Beam Based Alignment (BBA) process for these quads. When a beam position monitor detects movement of the beam the position of the related quadrupole will be adjusted to bring the beam back on the correct trajectory. The BPM to quadrupole center calibration process requires that the quad strength be lowered by 20% over several seconds during which change the magnetic center must not shift by more than 1 micron. This calibration will be done monthly. MAGNET REQUIREMENTSFour different styles of quadrupole were designed and built. These are called the corner tuner, wedge tuner, sliding shunt, and the rotating quad. This paper briefly describes each style and the results of testing the magnetic center stability of each one's prototype using a stretched wire measurement system. The magnets were modeled using PANDIRA and TOSCA.

Modern software development is based on a systems approach, in which a program or software complex is considered as a system of interacting software components. Models of software components are analogs of complex system subsystems. Therefore, a complex program is considered as a system of software components. The organization of the structure of software components affects the quality and result of the program. The organization of interaction between software components affects the efficiency of the program. An important factor in the system of software components is the life cycle, which determines the effectiveness and feasibility of using this program. Software differs from many complex systems and information systems in that it has the ability to increase its life cycle. Moreover, the need to increase the life cycle is characterized by two factors: external and internal. The internal factor arises due to the obsolescence of the program. In this case, it does not meet the new conditions, for example, a new operating system. The external factor arises from external influences in the form of interference or purposeful actions, such as computer viruses. The problem of creating the structure of software components of computing systems and information systems that ensure the duration of the life cycle in the presence of external influences is topical. The study of this problem contributes to the improvement of the technological base of computing systems and information systems that solve applied problems. The article presents a new life cycle model based on two models of growth and degradation. The article recommends a resource-based approach for life cycle assessment. As an analytical solution, it is proposed to use a logistic equation, which describes the mechanisms of the life cycle formation process quite well. The article discusses three types of resource in calculations: physical, technological and communicative. A general redundancy solution is proposed to create a network with the inclusion of a multigraph model.

The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 132 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 135 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0-20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micrometer during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce estimated costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. All magnets have iron poles and use either Samarium Cobalt or Neodymium Iron to provide the magnetic fields. Two prototypes use rotating rods containing permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient. Gradient changes of 20% and center shifts of less than 20 microns have been measured. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnet prototype. See High Reliability Prototype Quadrupole for the Next Linear Collider by C.E Rago, C.M SPENCER, Z. Wolf submitted to this conference.

No abstract