La ovinocultura es la principal actividad pecuaria en el Estado de Hidalgo (México), siendo el segundo productor a nivel nacional y el principal proveedor de carne de ovino para la Ciudad de México apoyado también por su cercanía. Sin embargo, se desconocen los aspectos socioeconómicos y tecnológicos de los actores de la cadena agroalimentaria, por esta razón se planteó este trabajo que tiene como objetivo conocer las características de los productores de ovinos y de sus unidades de producción, así como caracterizar los actores y los procesos de transformación y consumo de carne en el estado de Hidalgo. Se diseñaron y aplicaron tres cuestionarios a 114 productores, a 56 transformadores y a 421 consumidores, clasificando en tres clases cada uno de los grupos. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que existen productores con variantes en uso de tecnología, siendo los sistemas de pastoreo los de menor desarrollo y con mayor empleo familiar, el principal producto consumido es la carne destinada a barbacoa, plato tradicional que se consume principalmente en fiestas y fines de semana. La información generada es de gran utilidad para el diseño de política de apoyo a la producción de ovinos en el estado de Hidalgo.

Land use change in pastures is considered one of the leading drivers of tropical deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region (EAR). To halt and reverse this process, it is necessary to understand, among other factors, the local livelihoods, income from grazing area and the appropriate options to foster sustainable production, incorporating the land-sparing and land-sharing approach. This work was conducted using 167 household surveys along an altitudinal gradient within the buffer and transition zone of the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve (SBR) in the EAR. The results of a comparative analysis of the main capital variables (human, social, natural, financial, and physical), and the opportunity cost of grazing area assessment provides the following key findings: (a) the concepts of land sparing and land sharing should be considered as complementary local strategies, including household livelihoods and the opportunity cost of the grazing area; (b) we should encourage markets with differentiated restoration rights, based on households engaged in low grazing areas’ opportunity costs, and making less impact on capitals’ livelihood a key element of economic and conservation initiatives; and (c) sectoral policy implications, including moderate intensification and technological improvements to strengthen the pastureland-sparing and -sharing approach, are discussed.

Se estudió el efecto de la inclusión de urea sobre la composición y cinética de degradación ruminal in situ en el ensilado de rastrojo de maíz. Se partió de cuatro de tratamientos al adicionar el 0, 1, 2 y 3% de urea a una mezcla de rastrojo de maíz con el 10% de melaza. Se elaboraron 128 microsilos (3 kg/unidad y 4 repeticiones por tratamiento). La apertura de los silos se realizó a los 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 y 56 días. Se determinó el contenido de la materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), FND y FAD. La degradabilidad in situ se obtuvo mediante el método de Mehrez y Orskov y la degradabilidad de MS y PB mediante el análisis de los residuos con el método Kjeldhal. Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento GLM y el test de Tukey (P±

BackgroundFunctional and anatomic changes occur during pregnancy. Some of these changes are in the auditory and vestibular systems. However, there is a lack of information about the functional changes to critical structures that contribute to balance and proprioception. This study aims to evaluate the functions and shifts to the semicircular canals throughout gestation. MethodologyThis is a cross-sectional study. A video head impulse test (vHIT) was performed on all healthy pregnant patients with gestational periods ranging from the 20th to 40th weeks who were admitted to a maternal-fetal care unit. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gains in the lateral, posterior, and anterior semicircular canals and gains in asymmetry were obtained. ResultsA significant positive relationship was observed in the right ( R = 0.1064; P = 0.0110) and left (R = 0.2993; P = 0.0001) lateral semicircular canals as gestational weeks increased. Lower gains were seen at the start of the second trimester for the lateral canals. No significant gains were seen in the anterior or posterior canals throughout pregnancies until labor. No significant gains in asymmetry were detected. ConclusionsPregnant females may present vestibular changes in the semicircular lateral canals starting from the 20th week of gestation until labor. Increased gains may be associated with volumetric changes probably given by hormonal actions.

Introduction: Postural persistent perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic vestibular disorder consisting of unsteadiness, and non-spinning vertigo lasting for 3 months, exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive motion of self, and moving visual stimuli. Medical therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Vestibular Rehabilitation (VR) is frequently used in patients with this disorder, however, the indications for each one, still being controversial. Our goal was to gain a deeper understanding of the existing PPPD treatments and how they affected the quality of life and other factors related to the condition's progress Methods: A systematic review was conducted between July and September 2022, based on PRISMA guidelines. Mean age, the proportion of patients using Medical Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Vestibular Rehabilitation, Dizziness Handicap Inventory Scores and Scores associated with anxiety (HADS and HARS), depression, Safety Behavioral Inventory, Dizziness Symptoms Inventory, and Vertigo Severity Score Results: 41 studies were reviewed and 14 of them met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Dizziness Handicap Inventory showed lower scores using VR and CBT. On the physical and functional dizziness handicap inventory using Medical Therapy, lower scores were typically observed. With the use of CBT, the Dizziness Severity Inventory and Safety Behavioral Scores decreased. Discussion: Targeted PPPD therapies may contribute to the patient’s symptom improvement and better quality of life. Based on the available data, healthcare providers should think about tailoring PPPD treatments.