Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative chronic disease and characterized by the increasing of normal blood sugar level which causes high level of glucosuria. The measurement of HbA1c is an accurate way to determine high blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the level of HbA1c in Diabetes mellitus Type 2 patients at the RSUD Wangaya Denpasar City. Methods : This research is a descriptive study and the obtained data will be described using tables and narations. Primary data were obtained by conducting interviews and laboratory examination. The respondents were 30 patients of Diabetes mellitus type 2 who performed HbA1c examination at Wangaya Hospital. Results: The results of this study showed 40% of respondents with HbA1c controlled and 60% uncontrolled. HbA1c controlled with normal BMI 40%, food intake according to recommended 40%, exercising regularly 23.3% regularly consuming antidiabetic drugs 40%. HbA1c is not controlled by a normal BMI 33.3% exercise regularly 3.3% food intake according to the recommended 30%, regular antidiabetic consumption is 40%. Conclusion : From these data it can be concluded that the respondents with controlled HbA1c all had normal BMI, recommended food intake, regularly consumed antidiabetic and most exercise routines.Keywords : HbA1c, Diabetes mellitus Type 2.

Grapes are rich in bioactive molecules that can act as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. Paraoxonase (PON) is an enzyme that can combine with HDL and function as an antioxidant that can protect LDL and HDL from lipid peroxidation which can prevent atherosclerosis. We used a high-cholesterol diet given to Wistar Rats to find out the effect of green grape extract (GGE) on the production of PON3 serum levels in rats. GGE was made using the maceration method. Serum PON3 levels were measured using the ELISA method and measured at 450 nm. The results showed that the highest PON3 serum levels were found in the rat group which was given a GGE dose of 500 mg/200 g BW/day (AH2), followed by levels in rats given GGE at a concentration of 250 mg/200 g BW/day (AH1). Tamhane’s test showed that there was a difference between rats that were only given a high-cholesterol diet (DTK) and AH1, AH2, and rats that were fed a standard diet (DS) with AH1 and AH2. However, no difference was found between AH1 and AH2. The higher the dose of GGE given, the higher the serum PON3 level. Further research can better analyze the active compounds in GGE in increasing serum PON3 levels.

Cigarette smoke contains Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). ROS when it is over-produced causes  oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is related to the synthesis of pro-in-flamatory cytokines  which encourage inflammation which is characterized by the increase in proinflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of serum interleukin-6 levels in active smokers. The research sample was 11 active smokers in the Bali Regional Police who were selected using a non- probability sampling technique using purposive sampling. Measurement of serum interleukin-6 levels was performed using the ELISA method. The results showed that serum interleukin-6 levels increased in all age groups and most were found at the age of 35-44 years (36.3%), with normal and obese BMI each 45.5%, in white cigarette smokers with filters (72.7%), moderate smoking intensity (63.6%), with smoking duration of 11-15 years (36.4%). The conclusion in this study is that most active smokers have increased serum interleukin-6 levels. Keywords: active smokers, serum, interleukin-6

<p>Chronic dyslipidemia, especially in hypercholesterolemia, can directly disrupt endothelial cell function through increased formation of oxidized LDL which will stimulate an inflammatory response including interleukin 6 (IL-6) release. For this reason, it is necessary to have anti-inflammation that can reduce the effects of hypercholesterolemia on blood vessels. Polyphenols have anti-inflammatory effects and kenikir leaves are vegetables that are rich in polyphenols. This study aims to prove the effect of kenikir leaf (<em>Cosmos caudatus</em>) ethanol extract on IL-6 levels of serum of male Wistar rats fed high cholesterol. The method used is a true experimental study with a Post-test Only Control Group Design. Samples using 24 male rats were divided into 4 groups DS, DTK, Ss, and Cc. DTK, Ss and Cc groups were given high cholesterol feed for 20 weeks. In the 17th to 20th weeks the Ss group was given additional simvastatin and the Cc group was given an additional extract of <em>Cosmos caudatus</em> leaf. Whereas the DS group was only given standard feed for 20 weeks. After 20 weeks all rats in all four groups were examined serum GSH and IL-6 levels. The results showed the highest GSH serum levels average in Cc with p-value=0,016 but not different from Ss. IL-6 serum levels in DTK were higher than those of the other three groups and were significantly different with p-value=0,035. The difference occurs between DTK and DS, Ss and Cc, not different between DS, Ss and Cc. The ethanol extract of kenikir leaf influences the serum IL-6 levels of male Wistar rats fed high cholesterol.</p>

<p class="normal" align="center"><strong>Description </strong><strong>o</strong><strong>f Blood Glucose Levels </strong><strong>i</strong><strong>n Hypertension Patients </strong><strong>in</strong><strong> Mendoyo Public </strong><strong>H</strong><strong>ealth </strong><strong>C</strong><strong>enter</strong></p><p class="normal" align="center"> </p><p class="normal"><strong> Abstract</strong></p><p class="normal"> </p><p>Hypertension is a degenerative disease that still affects many people in Bali Province. Hypertension occurs due to many factors where it can start from genetics and lifestyle. Hypertension can lead to insulin resistance which is the main cause of increased blood glucose, so that people who suffer from hypertension have the risk of suffering from diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to describe the current blood glucose levels in  patients with hypertension at Puskesmas II Mendoyo. Method this research  uses descriptive quantitative method involving 30 respondents through purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted in March - April 2021. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires and examining blood glukose level with POCT EasyTouch GCU. The results showed that (13.3%) patients with hypertension had blood glucose levels in the non-DM category, (80%) with the uncertain DM category, and (6.7%) in the DM category. The average blood glucose level is 120.7 mg/dl with the lowest level is 84 mg/dl and the highest level up to 273 mg/dl. In conclusion, most patients with hypertension have blood glucose levels during the uncertain DM category.</p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>s: blood glucose levels; hypertension; diabetes melitus</p>