Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Bedeutung einer genauen Bestimmung der zentralen Hornhautdicke (CCT) ergibt sich unter anderem auf ihren diagnostischen und therapeutischen Implikationen bei Glaukom, Hornhautektasie, Hornhautödem, Überwachung der Endothelfunktion, und der Eignung für refraktive Chirurgie. Ziel der Studie war es, die Wiederholbarkeit, Reproduzierbarkeit, Korrelation und laterale Variationen von CCT-Messungen mittels Pentacam-HR und dem Standard-Ultraschall-A-Scan (USP) zu analysieren. Methoden: Es wurde eine Querschnittsstudie mit CCT-Messungen an gesunden Personen durchgeführt, die von drei unabhängigen Untersuchern mittels Pentacam-HR und dem USP vorgenommen wurde. Die Abweichungen von Intra-Beobachter- und Inter-Beobachter wurden mit Intraklassen-Korrelationskoeffizienten (ICCs) berechnet. Bland-Altman-Plots und 95 %-Übereinstimmungsgrenzen (95 % LoA) wurden verwendet, um die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Geräten zu bewerten. Die lineare Korrelation wurde mit dem Pearson-Koeffizienten berechnet. Ergebnisse: Dreißig Personen (60 Augen), 10 (33,3%) Männer und 20 (66,6%) Frauen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 30,0+9,1 Jahren wurden untersucht. Es wurden keine statistischen Unterschiede in den CCT-Messungen zwischen Pentacam-HR (Bereich 500–609μm) und USP (Bereich 498–628μm) festgestellt. Es gab einen hohen Korrelationsgrad bei der Wiederholbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit jedes unabhängigen Geräts (ICC>0,90). Die Pearson-Korrelation zwischen 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3 und 3 vs. 1 Pentacam-HR-Versuchen waren 0,914, 0,958 bzw. 0,925 (p<0,001). Die entsprechenden Ergebnisse für USP waren 0,957, 0,957 bzw. 0,943 (p<0,001). Die Pentacam-HR überschätzte die CCT tendenziell um eine mittlere Differenz von 3,77 μm (95% LoA, -24,9 – 18,4). Außerdem, das rechte Auge wurde mit dem Pentacam-HR-Gerät ebenfalls überschätzt (-3,6+14,1μm), während das linke Auge unterschätzt wurde (1,3+11,1μm). Schlussfolgerung: Das Pentacam-HR-Gerät liefert zuverlässige, bedienerunabhängige CCT-Schätzungen. Das rechte Auge zeigte eine Tendenz zur Überschätzung mit der Pentacam-HR. Wir vermuten, dass ein solcher Unterschied auf eine USP-Unterschätzung in Bezug auf die Position des Patienten während der Durchführung der Studie zurückzuführen ist. In klinisch relevanten Szenarien kann die Durschführung einer dritten Messung des rechten Auges eine höhere Genauigkeit bieten. Abstract: Background/Aim: The importance of an accurate determination of central corneal thickness (CCT) relies on its diagnostic and therapeutic implications in glaucoma, corneal ectasias, corneal edema and endothelial function monitoring, refractive surgery suitability, among others. We aimed to analyze the repeatability, reproducibility, correlation, and laterality variations of CCT measurements performed with the Pentacam-HR and the standard-of-care ultrasound A-scan (USP). Methods: A cross-sectional study including CCT measurements of healthy individuals performed by three independent examiners with the Pentacam-HR and USP was conducted. Intra-observer and inter-observer variations were calculated with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Bland–Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) were used to assess the agreement between devices. Linear correlation was calculated with Pearson's coefficient. Results: Thirty individuals (60 eyes), 10 (33.3%) men, and 20 (66.6%) women with a mean age of 30.0+9.1 years were studied. No statistical differences were found in CCT measurements between Pentacam-HR (range 500–609μm) and USP (range 498–628μm). There was a high degree of correlation in repeatability and reproducibility of each independent device (ICC>0.90). Pearson’s correlation between 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3, and 3 vs. 1 Pentacam-HR attempts were 0.914, 0.958, and 0.925, respectively (p<0.001). Corresponding results for USP were 0.957, 0.957, and 0.943 (p<0.001). The Pentacam-HR tended to overestimate CCT by a mean difference of 3.77μm (95% LoA, -24.9–18.4). Right eyes were also overestimated (-3.6+14.1μm) with the Pentacam-HR device, whereas left eyes were underestimated (1.3+11.1 μm). Conclusions: The Pentacam HR device provides reliable operator independent CCT estimates. Right eyes presented an overestimation tendency with the Pentacam HR. We suspect such difference is due to USP underestimation related to patients´ position while performing the study. In clinically relevant scenarios, performing a third measurement and cautiously measuring right eyes can provide higher accuracy.
Purpose We describe the ocular and periocular clinical features in patients with a facial palsy diagnosis of any etiology and to report the demographics, relevant medical history and treatment modalities in these patients. Patients and Methods Retrospective and descriptive observational study. A total of 60 patients with a facial palsy diagnosis in the last 5 years were recruited from an ophthalmological clinic in northeastern Mexico. Demographic data, such as age, sex, disease evolution and etiology, visual acuity, ocular symptoms and ocular and periocular clinical features were obtained. Personal history of previous ophthalmologic surgery, as well as ocular and systemic diseases, were also recorded. Finally, a comparative analysis was done to determine association between signs, symptoms and treatment modalities. Results A prevalence of 0.14% was reported, 56.7% of patients were female, and mean age of presentation was 55.63±17.2 years. 76.7% of facial palsy was idiopathic in origin, followed by vascular disease in 8.30% and iatrogenic in 6.70%. 40% of patients had a history of arterial hypertension, 36.3% were diabetic, and 6.70% had cerebrovascular disease. Conclusion Early diagnosis of facial palsy is crucial in establishing an effective treatment plan and avoiding complications. The impact of this disease in patients’ quality of life cannot be overlooked, and steps should be taken to address the different impairments that this ailment entails.
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