The study was conducted to determine reletaion in the among biochemical properties with kernel size in Çakıldak cultivar. For this purpose, kernels were divided into three groups as small (9.0-11.0), medium (11.01-13.0) and large (13.01-15.0) according to kernel size. In kernels classified according to kernel size were detected oil ratio, protein ratio, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity (according to FRAP and DPPH assays). While the effect of kernel size on protein ratio was insignificant (p> 0.05), it was determined to have a significant effect on oil ratio, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity (p<0.05). According to kernel size, was determined from 56.74% (small) to 58.02% (medium) for oil ratio, 16.24% (small) to 17.85% (büyük) for protein ratio, 662.3 (medium) to 763.5 (small) mg 100 g -1 for total phenolics content, 5.42 (large) to 11.56 (small) mg 100 g -1 for total flavonoids content, 3348.0 (medium) to 5883.3 (small) µmol 100 g -1 for antioxidant capacity according to FRAP assay and

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Summary Saudi Arabia is divided climatically into three different zones: the coast, the desert, and the uplands. Survey of the economic pests attacking fruit trees was carried out during the years 1962 and 1963. In this paper 41 species of insects belong to 8 orders, and 10 species of others than insects belong to 5 orders were identified. Location and time of appearance were given for each pest. Survey of the economic pests attacking vegetables was carried out during the years 1962 and 1963. In this paper 24 species of insects belong to 7 orders, and 4 species of others than insects belong to 2 orders were identified. Location and time of appearance were given for each pest. Survey of insect pests attacking field crops was carried out during the years 1962 and 1963 in Saudi Arabia. In this paper 24 species of insects belong to 8 orders, and 4 species of others than insects belong to 4 orders were indentified. Location and time of appearance were given for each pest. Zusammenfassung Klimatisch zerfαllt Saudi‐Arabien in drei Zonen: Die Küstenzone, die Wüste und das Hochland. 1962 und 1963 wurde ein Überwachungsdienst für wirtschaftlich wichtige Schädlinge an Fruchtbäumen durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sind 41 Insektenarten aufgezählt, die zu 8 Ordnungen gehören, und 10 weitere tierische Schädlinge, die 5 Ordnungen angehören. Ort und Erscheinungszeit sind für jede Schädlingsart angegeben. Der Beitrag enthält eine Übersicht der 1962 und 1963 an Gemüsepflanzen in Saudi‐Arabien festgestellten Schädlinge, die zu 24 Insektenarten (7 Ordnungen) und 4 weiteren Nichtinsekten (2 Ordnungen) gehören. Erscheinungsort und Erscheinungszeit ist für jede Schädlingsart angegeben. Der Beitrag enthält eine Übersicht der 1962 und 1963 in Saudi‐Arabien an Feldfrüchten festgestellten Schädlinge. Sie gehören zu 24 Insektenarten (8 Ordnungen) und 4 Nichtinsekten (4 Ordnungen). Erscheinungsort und Erscheinungszeit sind für jede Schädlingsart genannt.

Summary The pistachio beetle, Hylesinus vistitus Muls. and its control were studied under field conditions at Mosul, Iraq during two successive years (1967 and 1968). From the results obtained, it appears that there was only one generation per year. Adults were present all the year around. They atteked the newly formed twigs on the beginning of April. Eggs were found under the bark of dead trees during November 11 and December 12, they hatched in 10–12 days. Larvae were present during January 1 and March 25. Pupation took place under the bark during March 26–31. Distribution of the beetles and the intensity of attack were also studied. It was found that the beetles were attracted to dead and unhealthy trees, and infestation was decreased with increasing distance from their breeding places. The degree of infestation of different parts of the tree ‐ upper, middle and lower ‐ was about the same. The beetles did not attack male clusters while female ones surfer very little damage. Infestation of young twigs started when they were 1 cm long. It increased according to the increase in length. The beetles departed the infested twigs at the end of the season to their breeding sites. Those that survive winter are not considered to be an important source of infestation. As to the influence of abiotic factors on the beetle populations, rainfall reduced their activities and hindered them from leaving their breeding places to attack new twigs. The highest population was reached on June 1967, at 37 C and 21% relative humidity. The lowest population was in January 1968, when rainfall, relative humidity, and temperature were 42 mm, 74%, and 11 C respectively. In practice, reduction of the beetles population can be accheived by leaving dead trees during autumn and winter, as traps in the field, until larvae have hatched, then they should be removed and burned. This action also may serve as a method of control. Eight insecticides were tested for the control of H. vistitus in order to detect the most promising ones. Bidrin, Cyolane, and Sevin gave the highest efficacy of control during 21 days. After that, their effects were relatively decreased. Anthio confirmed efficiency to control the pest after 28 days from application. Lybacid demonstrated low level in control but with gradual increase during 21 days. Gusathion, Metasystox, and D.D.T. gave the lowest effect. Zusammenfassung Der Pistazien‐Bastkäfer, Hylesinus vistitus Muls. und seine Bekampfung wurden 1967 und 1968 bei Mosul/Irak untersucht. Adulte Käfer traten während des ganzen Jahres auf, doch war die Art einjährig. Die Käfer bohrten sich im Frühjahr zum Fraß in die Zweige ein und verließen diese im Herbst, um unter der Rinde abgestorbener Bäume ihre Brutgange anzu‐legen. Als beste Bekämpfungsmaßnahme erwies sich die Beseitigung befallener Bäume während des Herbstes und Winters. Bei chemischen Bekämpfungsversuchen wurden unter 8 Insektiziden Bidrin, Cyolane und Sevin als wirksamste Mittel angesehen.

This first study of the citrus leaf caterpillar, Papilio demodocus Esp., has been carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture farm in Riyadh by the Plant Protection Department, during four years (1969–1972). Zusammenfassung Biologische Studien über den an Zitrus fressenden Papilio demodocus Esp. (Lepid., Papilionidae) in Saudi Arabien Zum ersten Male wurde die Lebensweise von P. demodocus 1969–1972 an der Universität Riyadh näher untersucht. Die Raupen fressen an Zitrusblättern und verursachen beträchtliche Schäden. Die Eier finden sich an jungen Blättern und schlüpfen in 3–5 Tagen. Pro Weibchen wurden zwischen 40 und 180 Eier abgelegt. Die Art hat 5 Raupenstadien. Die Entwicklungszeiten der Raupen, Vorpuppen und Puppen betrugen 18 bis 32, 2 bis 5 und 12 bis 48 Tage. Für die Lebensdauer des weiblichen Falters wurden 7 bis 12 Tage, des Männchens 5 bis 10 Tage registriert. Populationsdichte‐Spitzen wurden im Frühjahr und Herbst mit starken Blattschäden beobachtet. Diese Spitzen fallen mit dem Sprießen der jungen Zitrustriebe zusammen. Es gab 7 sich überschneidende Generationen im Jahr, wobei die erste am 24. 2. (1971) flog. Falter findet man während des ganzen Jahres, jedoch in den Wintermonaten in geringerer Zahl. Das Geschlechterverhältnis betrug etwa 1:1.