Bee products have been used by humans for a long time. They are accepted by conventional medicine as alternative and additional remedies. Bee products are included in healthy diets and clinical nutrition. The article describes general properties of different bee products and their use in pharmacy and medical practice.

Lactofiltrum is a combination drug, pharmacological action of which is associated with the properties of its active components, namely lignin and lactulose. The effects of Lactofiltrum include normalization of the colon microbiota, decrease in the intensity of endogenous toxic conditions, and possibility of using it in patients of different age (the drug is recommended for adults and children >1 year of age); these properties of Lactofiltrum explain its popularity among doctors of various specialties and patients. Objective. To analyze the binary activity of Lactofiltrum using the methods of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the adsorption and prebiotic actions. Materials and methods. Microphotographs of the morphology and surface texture of Lactofiltrum were obtained using the OlympusBX-51 optical microscope. The following methods were proposed for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the adsorption and prebiotic actions of Lactofiltrum: method of ‘visual qualitative assessment of the enterosorbent adsorption activity’ and reverse complexometric titration. Prebiotic activity was evaluated using microbiological methods. Conclusion. Our experimental study confirmed high adsorption and prebiotic activity of Lactofiltrum. Key words: adsorption and prebiotic activity, Lactofiltrum, microbiocenosis, drug for children older than 1 year of age

Local pharmacotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the throat in children. Metereddose aerosols and sprays are very popular among both doctors and patients. One of such medicines is sold under the ‘Kameton’ brand. ‘Kameton’ is a combination local drug with anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and moderate ‘distracting’ effects ensured by its components, namely hlorobutanol, camphor, levomentholum, and eucalyptus oil. This medicine is characterized by low systemic absorption, while the combination of synthetic and natural components makes it an effective and mild-acting agent with a minimum of side effects. ‘Kameton’ is one of the few ENT medications used not only for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the throat, but also allows intranasal application; it is recommended for children aged 5 years and older. Objective. To compare the spraying quality of ‘Kameton’ aerosols and sprays produced by different manufacturers to find an additional criterion to choose an optimal medicine of this brand. Materials and methods. We analyzed 5 medicines (metered-dose sprays or aerosols) under the ‘Kameton’ brand produced by different manufacturers. We compared the following parameters: homogeneity of the dose mass (pharmacopoeial test), reproducibility of the dose mass (relative error of the mean dose mass), and spray width. The assessment of homogeneity and reproducibility of the dose mass was performed using the Electronic Balance B2104 electronic scale. To evaluate the spray width, we used planar simulation models (paper filters impregnated with Dragendorf reagent). The spray width was estimated as the print area obtained by spraying of one dose on a planar simulation model. Results. All medicines studied met the requirements of the pharmacopoeial test for aerosols and sprays in terms of their homogeneity of the dose mass. Using the Student's t-test, we found that the relative error of the mean dose mass was approximately the same in all drugs analyzed (≈ 1%). The maximum print area and the most homogenous distribution of the medicine on the model was demonstrated by the spray produced by ‘VIPS-MED’ LLC. Conclusion. Our findings on the quality of spraying allow us to recommend ‘Kameton’ produced by ‘VIPS-MED’ LLC as the most effective drug in terms of its active component delivery to the upper respiratory tract mucosa. Key words: Kameton, spray nozzle, homogeneity of dosing, reproducibility of the dose mass, print area

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