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Slope failure is a complex phenomenon that may caused to landslides. Buildings and infrastructure such as transportation facilities and pipelines located within the boundaries of a landslide can be damaged or destroyed. Slope failure classification and various factors contributing to the instability using 2-D resistivity survey conducted in Selangor, Malaysia are described. Six 2-D resistivity survey lines with 5 m minimum electrode spacing using Pole-dipole array were performed. The data were processed using Res2Dinv and surfer10 software to evaluate the subsurface characteristics. The 2-D resistivity results show that the subsurface consist of two main zones. The first zone was alluvium or highly weathered with resistivity value of 100-1000 O m and depth of >30 m. This zone consists of saturated area with resistivity value of 1-100 O m and boulders with resistivity value of 1200-7000 O m. The second zone with resistivity value of >7000 O m was interpreted as granitic bedrock. The study area was characterized by saturated zones, highly weathered zone, highly contain of sand and boulders that will trigger slope failure in the survey area. This will cause to low strength of soil, debris flow and movement of earth. On the basis of the case examples described, 2-D resistivity method is categorized into desirable and useful method in determination of slope failure and future assessments.

Abstract-2D resistivity method is an indirect method to the shallow subsurface survey for maintaining the geo-environment. It is used to measure the apparent resistivity of subsurface. This study was conducted at Bukit Bunuh, Perak (Malaysia), where EHR resistivity technique was developed in order to get detail and deeper penetration for shallow subsurface study. The survey line for EHR technique was executed in West-East direction while South-North direction was covered without EHR technique. The 2D resistivity results were compared between the survey line, with and without EHR technique. The survey used Pole-dipole array with 5 m minimum electrode spacing. The results show the first zone with resistivity value of 10-800 ohm-m and thickness 5-60 m as alluvium consisting of boulders (weathered granite) with resistivity value of >6000 ohm-m. The second zone with resistivity value >20 000 ohm-m was granitic bedrock. The penetration depth for 2D resistivity without EHR technique is 70m and with EHR techniques is 140m with 5m electrode spacing.Index Terms-Bukit bunuh, enhancing horizontal resolution (EHR), subsurface, 2D resistivity.

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Abstract-Geophysical technique is a non-destructive method that widely used in archaeology especially in detecting and mapping buried object. Archaeological features and information acquired from the geophysics data gives an advantage for archaeologist to plan for archaeological research framework especially in optimizing the excavation work. Many techniques are applicable for archaeological investigation, depending on research objective. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is one of the geophysical methods that utilizes electromagnetic waves to record relative position and shape of archaeological feature in 3D. This method was applied in detecting buried archaeological structure in Kampung Sungai Perahu, Jeniang, Kedah. The purpose of this application is to plan an excavation strategy due to the location of the site which is near to a local resident. GPR with 3D interpretation managed to locate buried objects in KSP'12 study area. Excavation has been conducted based on the result obtained from 3D GPR mapping. Besides, the result from this study may be used to detect similar archaeological findings for future research.Index Terms-Site KSP'12, Jeniang, 3D GPR survey, archaeological structure.