AbstrakJumlah layanan air minum melalui depot air minum di Kota Kupang meningkat dengan rata-rata 1,44 setiap tahun sejak 2010, sementara tidak terdapat jaminan kualitas air minum isi ulang memenuhi syarat setiap saat. Hasil pemeriksaan sampel air minum isi ulang di Kota Kupang tahun 2013 menunjukkan 37,5% tercemar mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis cemaran mikroba dan mengetahui determinan cemaran Escherichia coli (E. coli) dan total koliform pada air minum isi ulang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang periode JanuariMaret 2015. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 51 depot air minum yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik sederhana, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian terhadap 51 depot air minum menunjukkan air minum telah tercemar mikroba sebanyak 26 depot air minum (51%), tercemar E. coli 33,33%, dan tercemar total koliform 51%. Deteminan cemaran mikroba dengan uji bivariat adalah pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,01), sikap operator (nilai p = 0,05). Sedangkan determinan cemaran mikroba uji multivariat adalah pengetahuan operator (nilai p = 0,026), kebersihan operator (nilai p = 0,05) dan sanitasi depot air minum (nilai p = 0,044). Variabel yang paling dominan memengaruhi cemaran mikroba adalah pengetahuan, kebersihan operator, dan sanitasi depot air minum. Kata kunci: Air minum isi ulang, depot air minum, Escherichia coli, total koliform Abstract Amount of drinking water services through drinking water depots in Kupang City is increasing in avarage of 1.44 every year since 2010, meanwhile there is no guarantee that refill drinking water quality meets any requirement every time. Results of refill drinking water sample in Kupang City in 2013 showed the water was 37.5% contaminated by microbes. This study aimed to analyze microbial contamination and determine determinants of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total Coliform on refill drinking water. This study used cross sectional design on January -March 2015. The population was 51 depots determined using total sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted in univariate, bivariate using simple logistic regression test and multivariate using multiple logistic regression test. Results showed drinking water contaminated by microbes worth 26 depots (51%), by E. coli 33.33% and by total Coliform 51%. Microbial contamination determinants using bivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.01) and behavior of operator (p value = 0.05). Meanwhile, microbial contamination determinants conducting multivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.026), hygiene of operator (p value = 0.05) and depot sanitation (p value = 0.044). Most dominating variables influencing microbial contamination are knowledge, operator's hygiene and depot sanitation. Keywords: Refill drinking water, drinking water depot, Escherichia coli, total coliform PendahuluanPerkembangan teknologi telah membawa kemajuan dalam pelbagai bidang kehidupan, sal...

Purpose The purposes of this paper are to determine the nutritional composition of the pulp and its antioxidant activity; study the effect of drying and storage on the nutritional composition and antioxidant of the pulp; investigate the effect of de-bittering using fermentative microbes, sodium carbonate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on antioxidant of the pulp, and to study the shelf-life and sensory evaluation of de-bittered pulp products. Design/methodology/approach The ripe fruits of palmyra (Borassus flabellifer L) were collected around Kupang city, Indonesia. The pulp was extracted with different techniques. The fresh pulp was directly analyzed for its nutritional and antioxidant properties. The rest of the pulp was de-bittered, dried and used for further treatments and products development. The de-bittered pulp was used to make chips, stick cracker, and jelly sweet. Fresh products were sensory evaluated by 30 semi-trained panelists. For shelf-life analysis, products were wrapped and/or packed with different thickness of food grade plastic, plastic-alumina foil, or mica stopples and kept at different temperatures (30, 40 and 50oC) for one month. Findings The fresh pulp contains carotenoids (609.10 mg per kg of pulp), vitamin C (461.40 mg per kg of pulp), polyphenols (270 mg per kg of pulp) and anthocyanin (53.90 mg per kg of pulp). Free radical scavenging activity of the dried pulp (water content of 11.60 percent) was 93.4 percent. Several techniques including fermentation, sodium carbonate, and PEG treatment have been successfully developed to reduce the bitterness of the pulp without significantly reducing its antioxidant activities. Food products (chips, stick cracker, and jelly sweet) have then been developed and have got positive response from panelist. Research limitations/implications Pulp of fruit is a potential source of antioxidants, i.e. carotenoids (pro vitamin A), vitamin C, and polyphenols. The pulp potentially can be used in fresh and dried form for functional food. The bitterness of the pulp can be significantly reduced using fermentation, sodium carbonate or PEG treatment. The pulp can be utilized for producing chips, crackers, and semi moist food products. Practical implications First, pulp of the palmyrah fruit can be easily extracted using water. Second, the bitterness of the pulp can be reduced by using traditional fermentation starter. Third, many type of food products can be developed using the palmyrah pulp. Social implications This effort offers opportunity for farmers to optimize the use of palmyrah pulp for functional food. It will provide new jobs and increase the income of farmer at East Nusa Tenggara Province. Originality/value The study has revealed that pulp of palmyrah fruit is a source of antioxidants: carotenoids (pro vitamin A), vitamin C, and polyphenols. The pulp potentially can be used in fresh and dried form for functional food. The bitterness of the pulp can be significantly reduced using fermentation, sodium carbonate, and PEG. The pulp can be utilized for producing chips, crackers, and semi moist food products.

Abstract. Lalel HJD, Mahayasa INW, Mukkun L, Abidin Z, Ata ARB. 2022. Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of gebang (Corypha utan) starch-based analogous rice with dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus) flour supplementation. Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 45-49. This study underpins the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of analogous rice made from gebang (Corypha utan Lamk) starch (GS) in combination with dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L.) flour (DB). There are five combinations of the flours, i.e., (A) 100% GS, (B) 95% GS + 5% DB, (C) 90% GS + 10% DB, (D) 85% GS +15% DB, and (E) 80% GS + 20% DB. The rice was processed using an extruder. The results showed that GB supplementation increased the content of protein as well as the total ash of the analogous rice. Most of the rice has a yellowish-brown to brown color. The rice thickness ranged from 2.6 mm to 4.3 mm, while the rice length ranged from 6.5 mm to 7.0 mm. The rice's length-to-thickness ratio ranged from 1.64 to 2.47. The weight of 1000 kernels of analogous rice ranged from 17.34 g to 34.17 g, whereas the bulk density ranged from 0.46 to 0.50 g/mL. The kernels of analogous rice A, C, D, and E mostly (52-70%) had 2.4-3.3 mm thick, while 88% of Analogous rice B had 3.4-4.7 mm thick. Cooking could double the size (volume) of all analogous rice. The organoleptic test of the analogous rice gave a positive response for all products in the range of more than 4.8 to 5.5 scores (like) for the overall response of hedonic value.

This purpose of research to know the influence of temperature and duration  of heater about the stability of natural dye from palmyra palm. Research method is the experiment to design the stake diserded the factual complement with 32 treatment ad 2 frequences by the duration variable of temperature start from 300C - 1000C temperature and duration variable heater start at 15 – 60 minutes. The stability colour to measure by using spectrophotometer method.  The result statistic experiment about intesition pulp of palmyra palm the influence of temperature heater to show the different obvious (P < 0,05). For the treatment at 300C not different obvious at 1000C temperature  yet obvious (P < 0,05) more small than treatment at 400C - 900C. The treatment 400C not different obvious at 500C - 1000C temperature, yet obvious (P < 0,05) more small than treatment at 300C.