As a result of examination and questionnaire of 143 patients who applied for orthopedic treatment of defects of teeth and dental rows, it was found that signs of dysfunction of temporomandibular joint with preserved dental rows are diagnosed in 36—55% cases, and with defects of dental rows — in 45—90% cases. The absence of eighth teeth in the dental row does not significantly change the functional state of the dental-jaw system. A statistically significant frequency of signs of EHS dysfunction has been identified among individuals having terminal dentition defects.In patients with terminal dentition defects, each 3rd patient is diagnosed with cochleovestibular syndrome, and in each 2nd, sounds are determined in the area of VNHS when the lower jaw moves. It has been found that if 15—13 and 12—11 pairs of antagonist teeth are preserved, the signs of dysfunction are determined in 55—45% cases, if the number of teeth having antagonists is reduced to 10—5 (in 90.0% these are patients with preserved 7—8 pairs of antagonist teeth), then the frequency of dysfunction signs increases to 75.0% (t1-3=1.33; t2-3=2.00), in such patients significantly more often — in 75.0% of cases, mandibular deviation is diagnosed when opening and closing the mouth than in persons with a large number of preserved antagonist teeth, respectively 55.0% (t=2.66) and 45.0% (t=3.93) in 1 and 2 groups. Thus, the identification of such signs as crunching, clicking in the joints, hearing loss or tinnitus, suggests the presence of intra-articular disorders in such patients. The deviation of the jaw from its main trajectory when opening the mouth indicates the possible involvement of the masticators muscles in the pathological process. All this requires the dentist to carry out early diagnosis and timely orthopedic treatment.
Предмет. У лиц с полным отсутствием зубов атрофия тканей протезного ложа увеличивается с течением времени, что создает негативные условия для повторного протезирования. Цели. Совершенствование методики лечения повторно протезируемых пациентов полными съемными пластиночными протезами на нижней челюсти. Методология. Были обследованы 80 пациентов с полным отсутствием зубов, из них 50 человек обратились за повторным протезированием. Пациенты, протезируемые повторно, были поделены на две группы, первую группу составили 25 человек, которым лечение проводилось по стандартному методу, а пациентам второй группы (n=25) применялся усовершенствованный метод локального дифференцированного функционального оттиска. В процессе обследования было проведено исследование податливости и функциональной толерантности к нагрузке слизистой оболочки протезного ложа, измерение ширины языка в области 3.3-4.3 зубов, оценка функции глотания и жевания, скорость секреции слюны, вязкость слюны. Также оценивали фиксацию и стабилизацию новых полных съемных протезов. Результаты. В результате исследования получены достоверные данные, подтверждающие, что у пациентов при повторном обращении за протезированием полными съемными пластиночными протезами усиливается атрофия альвеолярной части нижней челюсти, слизистой оболочки протезного ложа, увеличивается в размере язык, но, несмотря на существенную атрофию, слизистая оболочка протезного ложа в 2 раза устойчивее к нагрузке по сравнению с пациентами, протезируемыми впервые. Выводы. Полученные данные позволяют эффективно применять методику локального дифференцированного функционального оттиска и тем самым улучшать фиксацию и стабилизацию полных съемных протезов в 1,5 раза. Применение данного метода позволяет сокращать сроки адаптации к новым полным съемным пластиночным протезам по более быстрому восстановлению функции жевания, глотания, скорости секреции и вязкости слюны. Ключевые слова: полное отсутствие зубов, полные съемные протезы, атрофия, протезное ложе
BACKGROUND: The frequency of diseases of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is quite high, which requires the development of special arthrological care in various regions of Russia with the involvement of specialists in various fields. AIM: Study the occurrence of diseases of the musculoskeletal complex among patients of dental admission who applied for oral cavity sanitation without acute pain, and to determine the significance of various etiological factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was examined by interviewing and dental examination of 100 patients of therapeutic reception aged from 20 to 60 years old. Based on dental complaints, three conditional groups were formed from the number of examined patients. The 1st group included 47 patients who had no complaints of discomfort and pain in the temporomandibular joint dysfunction area. The second group included 24 patients who complained of clicks in the temporomandibular joint dysfunction, sometimes difficulties and restrictions when opening the mouth. The third group consisted of 29 people who complained of pain in the TMJ, tinnitus, a sense of tension and pain in the muscles of the maxillofacial region. RESULTS: The study showed that the number of people with signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction diseases among dental patients is 53.0%. Moreover, the number of people with temporomandibular joint dysfunction pathology was statistically the same among the examined people of different ages. In individuals with signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction diseases (2nd and 3d groups) and without them (first group), there were no differences in the number of individuals with occlusion disorders (abnormal bite, disocclusion, supercontacts, loss of occlusal contacts or restored by restoration with filling materials), however, in groups with signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction diseases, a statistically significantly higher number of patients with musculoskeletal disorders was found, while every second of the examined patients experienced emotional tension and stress. CONCLUSION: Due to the fact that patients with intra-articular disorders and pain syndrome of TMJ dysfunction are significantly more often identified diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the treatment of this category of patients requires consultation, and, if its necessary, treatment by an osteopath.
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