The current view of the geographical ranges of lichens is often distorted by overly narrow or overly broad applications of names and by insufficient survey of most regions of the world. Here we present several cases where species of Teloschistaceae formerly thought to be limited to rather small territories in the western or eastern parts of Eurasia are in fact widespread in northern Eurasia. We support our findings with ITS nrDNA data in several new trees showing relationships in the genera Athallia, Calogaya, Caloplaca, Flavoplaca and Gyalolechia. The widespread species have little in common, except that most of them reproduce both sexually and asexually, and we discuss the possible influence of the combined reproduction on geographical range. Calogaya bryochrysion, Calogaya saxicola, Gyalolechia epiphyta and Gyalolechia ussuriensis are new combinations. Calogaya alaskensis is a younger synonym for C. bryochrysion. The generally arctic-alpine Calogaya bryochrysion also occurs on the bark of solitary trees in dry parts of the Altai Mountains. The Australian Flavoplaca cranfieldii is a younger synonym of F. flavocitrina. Gyalolechia epiphyta has been described numerous times, from different regions and substrata, as Caloplaca juniperi, C. laricina, C. tarani, Gyalolechia arizonica and G. juniperina. The name Gyalolechia xanthostigmoidea has recently been used for G. epiphyta, but it represents a distinct taxon. Gyalolechia ussuriensis is closely related to and morphologically indistinguishable from G. persimilis, but they have a different ecology and distribution and we regard them as distinct species. Caloplaca juniperina Tomin is lectotypified.

All specimens have been collected by Ilya S. Zhdanov and identified by Mikhail P. Zhurbenko. Biogeographic novelties are mainly referred to the current administrative subdivision of Russia. Examined specimens are deposited in LE-Fungi herbarium.

An annotated list of 155 lichen species found in Central Siberian Biosphere Reserve (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia) is presented. Myriospora myochroa (M. Westb.) K. Knudsen et L. Arcadia is new to Russia and Asia, Collema glebulentum (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Degel. and Placynthium stenophyllum (Tuck.) Fink are new to the Asian part of Russia, Hymenelia prevostii (Duby) Kremp. and Lepraria caesioalba (de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon — to Siberia.

Sixteen species are reported as new for Estonia. Among these species, ten are lichenized and six are lichen-habiting fungi. One lichen-habiting species – Bryostigma molendoi (Heufl. ex Arnold) S.Y. Kondr. & Hur (= Arthonia molendoi (Heufl. ex Arnold) R. Sant.) and one lichenized species – Lecania nylanderiana A. Massal. should be excluded from the Estonian list of lichenized and allied fungi as misidentifications. New locality data are given for two critically endangered (CR) lichens last found more than 45 years ago – Hypogymnia vittata (Ach.) Parrique and Nephroma bellum (Spreng.) Tuck. (Lõhmus et al., 2019). Additional information on the distribution in Estonia is provided for recently described Toniniopsis separabilis (Nyl.) Gerasimova & A. Beck (Gerasimova et al., 2021).

The annotated list of 20 lichen species, based on the author’s collection, is presented. Atla wheldonii is new for Russia, and 16 species are new for Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Morphology and ecological preferences of the lichen species new for the archipelago are discussed. The history of lichenological investigations in Novaya Zemlya is described.