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Extensive or total thyroidectomy is necessary for late recurrence-free survival.--Variation of the spontaneous remnant function may occur and contribute to inadequate substitution.--(Near) total thyroidectomy has a low morbidity and is considered the treatment of choice, also with the theoretical advantage of complete autoantigene removal.--Surgical progress is based on capsular dissection with fine preparatory operative technique.

Occult untreated nodal disease represented no major clinical problem. Selective nodal treatment may offer optimal results; meticulous nodal dissection is indicated for N1-tumours.

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