Electron, neutron and X-ray diffraction patterns of liquid formamide have been measured at a temperature of 25 °C. Analysis of the diffraction data yields the molecular structure and the average geometry of the hydrogen bond. The molecular parameters obtained from liquid diffraction experiments are in good agreement with those from gas electron diffraction for the free molecule. The mean O…N and O…H hydrogen bond distances are 2.9 Å and 1.9 Å, respectively. Four H-bonds per molecule are found on the average. The deviation of the H-bonds from the linearity is estimated.

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Electron and X-ray scattering as well as Raman spectra of as aqueous solution of ZnBr 2 with a Br -/Zn ++ ratio of 3 : 1 have been studied. The existence of hexaaquo, di-, tri-and tetra-bromo complexes in solution has been established by all three methods. Octahedral hexaaquo and tetrahedral Zn(H 2 0) 4 _ n Br n complexes with n = 2, 3,4 are consistent with electron and X-ray structure functions. The inner sphere type complexes have interatomic distances of 2.2 A for Zn ++ -H 2 0, 2.4 A for Zn ++ -Br, 3.93 A for Br-Br and 2.91 A for W-W interactions with average numbers of contacts 2.4, 2.22, 1.33 and 1.1 respectively.

No abstract