Human walking is considered as a complex cognitive act. The research purpose is an analysis of age-related features of spatio-temporal parameters of human walking and directions of their changes at walking with dual (cognitive) tasks. The walking spatio-temporal indexes were studied in 608 individuals of both sexes aged 12-43 years by GAITRite® (CIR Systems Inc.,Clifton, NJ) under normal walking at individually comfortable velocity and under additional cognitive tasks: 1) sequentially pronounce aloud any known animals; 2) starting from a number 100, subtract 7 and pronounce the result aloud. The statistical processing of the got results was carried out in the licensed software “STATISTICA 5.5”. At performing the first, simpler, task, the spatial parameters had no significant changes in all age groups. Most of the temporal parameters changed: cycle time, swing time, single support time, and double support time increased. Therefore, equilibrium maintaining at walking with naming animals is realized with a longer overall support period, reducing the walking cadence and velocity. The constant width of the support base and the angle of the feet turn indicate that the magnitudes of the functional support base and angle of the feet turn at normal walking is sufficient to maintain posture and balance at walking with simultaneous performance of the cognitive task, as well as more rigid mechanisms of regulation of these two parameters. The walking temporal parameters are more labile than spatial parameters. With age, the percentage of the integral index of walking quality (FAP) decreases especially in females: in girls by 15.3 %, in young women by 14.4 %, in middle-aged women by 7.4 %. At performing the second, more complex, arithmetic task, in young men and young girls support base, toe-in-out, step length difference had no significant changes only. The mean velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, step extremity ratio decreased. The count of steps, all temporal parameters, and stance percentage increased. FAP declined critically by 30.4 % in young men and 33.4 % in young women, indicating a decrease in balance and body stability under walking with cognitive task and increasing the risk of falls. Therefore, a significant reduction in FAP can be used as a diagnostic criterion in neurological practice.

The organization of walking and its disorders remain one of the most difficult sections of the physiology of the nervous system and neurology. The purpose of the work is to analyze the sexual features of the spatio-temporal parameters of the person walking and the directions of their changes in the conditions of performing additional cognitive tasks. Sex-related features of human walking with cognitive tasks are investigated. 608 individuals of both sexes aged 12-43 years were examined by GAITRite®. Consistent naming of animals and consistent subtraction of 7 starting at 100 were used as cognitive tasks. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the license package “STATISTICA 5.5” using parametric estimation methods. At performing the first (simpler) cognitive task in all age groups of men step length, stride length, step extremity ratio, support base, toe-in-out were increased. Temporal parameters in adolescents of both genders did not differ. Girls have longer step time, cycle time, single support, swing time and a slower velocity. The integral index of walking quality (FAP) tended to decrease in all examined groups: in adolescent males by 13.3±3.9 %; in young men by 14.6±2.2 %; in adolescent women by 15.3±1.8 %; in young women by 14.4±1.1 %; in middle-aged women 7.3±4.8 %. Boys and girls performed more complex cognitive tasks with reduced spatial and temporal parameters (primarily by increasing the double support and swing time), the support base and toe-in-out were stable. The step cycle was rebuilt. The support base and toe-in-out remained unchanged both in boys and girls. The boys were moving at a faster velocity, taking more steps per minute. The step time right, cycle time for each leg, single support time and double support time in girls lasted much longer. FAP declined sharply by 30.4 % in boys and by 33.4 % in girls, indicating a major reorganization of basic mechanisms for regulating walking stability. Such a decrease in FAP leads to a decrease in the level of the balance maintaining and a decrease in body stability during movement, which means that it increases the risk of falls. A complex cognitive task led to a decrease in walking performance and a more critical decrease in the quality of walking in favor of moving forward and maintaining the balance. Thus, walking is not an automated process, but requires the use of a variety of additional CNS resources, primarily attention and cognitive resources.

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The purpose: to analyze possible ways to achieve compensation of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) who have had COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study included 17 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 50 to 68 years (mean age 55.9 ± 1.84 years), who underwent moderate COVID-19, complicated by bilateral polysegmental pneumonia and decompensation of diabetes with level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) more than 10,0 %. During inpatient treatment for COVID-19, patients, along with other drugs according to the protocol, received the glucocorticoid drug dexamethasone from 4 to 12 mg intravenous for 5 to 14 days, as well as basalbolus insulin therapy was initiated. As basal insulin was prescribed insulin Glargin or Protafan® HM, as prandial insulin -Actrapid® HM or Novorapid. Daily doses of insulin ranged from 32 to 46 IU per day (0.3 to 0.5 IU/kg). The studied patients before the COVID-19 infection onset received oral hypoglycemic therapymetformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, sulfonylurea derivatives. Since discharge from the hospital to inclusion for further observation 5 to 20 days have passed. At the stage of post-hospital observation and treatment of patients, body weight was measured, fasting blood glucose and postprandial glycemia levels in capillary blood as selfcontrol, HbA1c levels were studied, and hypoglycemic therapy was corrected. All patients at the time of examination had blood oxygen saturation in the range of 94 -97%.

Зв'язок роботи з науковими програмами, планами, темами. Робота виконана в межах Дого-вору про співробітництво між Державним закладом "Дніпропетровська медична академія" Міністерства охорони здоров'я України" та Комунальним закла-дом "Дніпропетровська міська клінічна лікарня № 9" Дніпропетровської обласної ради" від 1 ве-ресня 2015 р.Вступ. Важливість бактеріологічного дослі-дження сечі при вагітності зумовлена тим, що ная-вність в ній патогенної мікрофлори може приводи-ти до розвитку інфекційних процесів в сечовивід-них шляхах (ІСШ) [1-3, 6, 7]. ІСШ є одними з найча-стіших інфекційних процесів при гестації [2,4]. Мік-роорганізми можуть спричинити цистит, пієлонеф-рит, безсимптомну бактеріурію. Вагітні жінки мають підвищений ризик розвитку ІCШ через анатомічні та гормональні зміни, що призводять до дилатації сечоводів та застою сечі [2-5, 7, 8, 17]. Крім того, різноманітна соматична патологія може підвищити ризик розвитку ІСШ у вагітних [4,5,13]. За даними багатьох авторів, найбільш типовим мікроорганіз-мом, що вражає сечові шляхи, є Escherichia coli [3-5, 7, 11, 12]. За даними Дьоміної Т.Н (2015 р.), Escherichia coli зустрічається приблизно в 65 % випадків пієлонефриту у вагітних, а Медвідь В. І. (2017 р.) повідомляє про 80 % випадків інфікування сечових шляхів цим збудником. Часто зустрічають-ся й такі збудники ІСШ, як ентеробактерії (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp.), стрептокок групи В (Streptococcus agalactiae), Gardnerella vaginalis. Так, Enterococcus spp. висівають від 10-15 % [7] до 23% випадків ІСШ [3]. У осіб з тривалими сечовими розладами виявляють полімікробну бактеріурію, яка часто включає Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii та Morganella morganii [13]. Поширеність безсимптомної бактеріурії в популяції вагітних жінок в середньому становить 6%. Гострий цистит і гострий пієлонефрит зустрі-чаються не так часто -у 1-2,5 % [14]. Однак у 20-40% вагітних з безсимптомною бактеріурією в II та III триместрах розвивається гострий пієлонеф-рит [14]. В той же час у вагітних, що не мають без-симптомної бактеріурії, пієлонефрит розвивається лише у 1,8% випадків [4]. Відомо, що на кожні 7 вагітних жінок з асимптоматичною бактеріурією, що проходять короткий курс антибіотикотерапії, можна запобігти одному випадку пієлонефриту [17, 20]. Приблизно у 1/3 хворих, які страждають на хронічний пієлонефрит, під час вагітності розвива-ється загострення ІСШ [11], що супроводжується збільшенням ризику акушерських та неонатальних ускладнень (анемія, артеріальна гіпертензія,