This research aimed to understand response of growth and rice productivity to the utilization of superior rice varieties and the application of biosilica fertilizer on rainfed land at different planting season. The study employed split plot design with three superior varieties of rice as main plot treatment and biosilica application as sub-plot. The growth and rice productivity were observed during dry season and rainy season. The utilization of superior rice varieties was only affected on number of total grains, 1000 grains weight and productivity at dry season meanwhile it affected the variables observed at rainy season. Application of biosilica fertilizer did not affect plant height, number of empty and total grains at dry season meanwhile it affected the variables observed at rainy season. Rice productivities were significantly different in both factors. Result showed that most of variables values obtained with biosilica application were higher. Biosilica fertilizer was able to increase productivity up to 1.08 tons/ha from 6.48 tons/ha to 7.56 tons/ha at dry season and up to 1.92 tons/ha from 8.7 tons/ha to 10.62 ton/ha at rainy season. This result indicated that utilization of superior rice varieties and biosilica fertilizer is recommended to increase rice productivity on rainfed land.

Subak is local wisdom in Bali that has been practiced for centuries in managing irrigation water. Here we present the uniqueness of Subak to manage water with an example of Subak Sange, Gianyar, Bali. The field activity was carried out from April-September 2019. The research objectives were to analyze: (i) the characteristics of local wisdom in Subak Sange, (ii) the effect of irrigation water frequency on pest and disease outbreaks on tobacco yield, and (iii) the efficiency of water use in chili-tobacco intercropping. We combined several approaches to achieve the objectives, including an interview with farmer, diversity analysis, Romijn method, and revenue cost ratio. The results showed that the harmony of relations between farmers was bound by a belief in three elements socio-agrarian-religious. The excessive irrigation gave more pest and disease outbreaks, as shown in 6-irrigation frequencies. In addition, the occurrence of rotten root outbreaks was the highest (29%). The optimal frequency irrigation for yield of tobacco was 4-times, which produced 11.5 tons of dry chopped tobacco per hectare, and this frequency irrigation was much more efficient water use by 79% than rice plants. Based on revenue cost ratio analysis, the chili-tobacco intercropping with four times irrigation was feasible. The findings indicate that management of irrigation water in Subak Sange is promising to support food sustainability in the region.

Rice is the staple food of Indonesia's population. Various problems occur in an effort to increase production and productivity. One problem is the attack of yellow rice stem borer (PBPK) which may result in yield losses up to 90%. Utilization of parasitoid is an alternative to suppress the attack of Yellow Rice Stem Borer. The study was conducted in Tabanan, covering three locations with the altitudes of 50, 300, and 550 meters above sea leve, and at the Plant Pests and Diseases laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of parasitization of the best Yellow Rice Stem Borer as a natural control agent at different altitudes. The method used was survey by taking a sample group of Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs with a purposive random sampling in the area of 2.5 hectares (one block in each location was an area of 0.5 hectares) at each location. Observations on parasitoid found in Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs were done on parasitoid species diversity, equality, abundance, parasitation level, sex ratio, and the pattern of parasitoid invasion. The results showed three species of parasitoid eggs PBPK as biological control agents. Parasitation level of T. rowani and T. japonicum was the highest at the altitude of 50 meters above sea level, while T. schoenobii at the altitude of 300 and 500 meters above sea level.

Coffee is one of the leading commodities traded in the world and is a mainstay commodity for farmers in mountainous areas. The research objective is to increase the added value of the part of the coffee plant to increase income and food security for farmer families. The research was conducted in the Pupuan-Tabanan Bali robusta coffee agroforestry area, Januari 2017 to December 2020. Methods of data collection using the method of observation and discussion with the main actors who produce coffee in addition to seed study activities with the use of pruned water shoots from clone maintenance BP 308. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the added value besides dry beans was obtained from water shoots, remaining productive pruning, unproductive old coffee, branches and twigs, and shade pruning. The yields of economic value are in the form of super cuttings, activated charcoal, exotic pots, and quality organic fertilizers from coffee skins, each of IDR 7,500,000; 120,000; 792,000; and 150,000.

Pests and diseases are one of the obstacles in increasing production and productivity of shallots. The study was conducted in Subak Rejasa Klod, Rejasa Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency - Bali Province. Research was conducted in June-November 2019, using a split plot randomized block design. The main plot is shallot varieties (V) and the subplot of the technical culture innovation (P). The main plot (V) consists of 2 treatment shallots namely Bali Karet (V1) and Lokal Tabanan (V2) and the plot consisting of 3 treatment of technical culture namely existing (P1); improvement (P2); and introduction (P3). Data on growth components and crop yields are analyzed using diversity analysis and continued with the DMRT test. Analysis of farming businesses was analyzed using B/C ratio and MBCR analysis. The results showed that Spodopthera exigua and Altenaria porri at V1 are lower than V2. The highest dry weight per hectare was obtained in the Bali Karet (V1) of 20,89 tons/ha. Introduction technology (P3) is the best innovation of dry weight-weight producing per hectare on irrigation land.. The value of B/C ratio and MBCR is 1.73 and 3.06 for introduction technology. It was concluded that introduction technology was effective as innovation of pest controllers and main diseases and were able to improve the yield of the Bali Karet variety on irrigation land.