To-day, the computer-assisted 3D-technologies for the mathematical simulation of the engineering facilities are extensively used for the purpose of technical calculations in all branches of industry and building. The positive experience gained with the application of the 3D-models finds wide application in the joined investigations on the topical problems of the prosthetic and surgical treatment of bones, teeth, joints, cardiac valves, blood vessels, etc. The objective of the present study was the analysis of the positive experience with the involvement of the specialists in the design and practical application of 3D-models for the solution of problems facing the medical prosthetics and the management of various pathological conditions. Another objective was to discuss the possible prospects for the interdisciplinary collaboration in these fields with a view to improving the quality of expert conclusions in the framework of forensic medical and criminalistics examinations. The data readily available from the official domestic and foreign Internet resources were used for the purpose of the study. The analysis of the published data has demonstrated the obvious advantages of the application of the mathematical 3D-models and the biomechanical studies for the solution of the concrete medico-biological problems. The currently available positive experience gained due to the participation of domestic specialists in biomechanics in the solution of the specific clinical problems gives hope that their collaboration between themselves and with the forensic medical experts will open up the promising prospects for the further investigations of the issues of common interest.

Цель работы-выявление причин и установление путей предотвращения часто встречающихся ошибок при использовании понятийного и терминологического аппарата в судебно-медицинской баллистике. Проанализированы фундаментальные научные и диссертационные работы, практические руководства и учебники, учебно-методические публикации, а также понятийный и терминологический аппарат нормативных правовых актов Российской Федерации. Результаты исследования позволят судебно-медицинскому эксперту методологически правильно и аргументированно использовать в практической деятельности основные понятия и термины судебно-медицинской баллистики, значительно снизить или полностью исключить вероятность экспертных ошибок, сформулировать достоверные и обоснованные выводы о факте и условиях применения огнестрельного оружия и о конкретном механизме формирования огнестрельной травмы в целом. Ключевые слова: огнестрельное оружие, огнестрельная травма, судебно-медицинская баллистика, понятие, термин, экспертная ошибка.

No abstract

No abstract

The authors discuss the modern possibilities and prospects for the application of photogrammetry (FM) in forensic medical traumatology based on the results of the analysis of the many-year experience reported in the foreign periodicals with special reference to road traffic injuries, gunshot wounds, and animals' bites. The examples of objective difficulties and promising prospects for the further application of the FM techniques in the practical work of forensic medical experts and medical criminalists are considered with reference to the use of various FM-based methods and equipment including 3D laser scanners, chambers, stereoscopic mounting attachments, etc. Special attention is given to the contribution of the current scientific and technical progress to the solution of the practical problems facing forensic medical experts with reference to the unique opportunities provided by the modern computed technologies enabling the specialists to considerably improve the quality of expert examination.