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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has become a prominent sample preparation technique in recent years owing to its reported efficiency and time-saving extraction capabilities.This is particularly so in the field of environmental analysis, where a large amount of SFE research has been undertaken. This paper describes the major areas of environmental SFE research being currently investigated with emphasis on the type of matrix being considered. Typical analytes reported include pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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A direct comparison between Soxhlet, microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction is made. Each technique was used to extract sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a native, contaminated soil. The total amounts of PAHs found were 297.4, 422.9 and 458.0 mg kg-1 using Soxhlet, microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. The merits and disadvantages of each extraction technique is discussed.