Frekuensi penggunaan air sangat tinggi seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan standar hidup manusia yang semakin tinggi menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan terkait dengan kualitas air akibat bahan kimia, nutrisi, lindi, tumpahan minyak, pembuangan limbah bahan berbahaya, serta penggunaan bahan dispossable dan non-biodegradable. Perkembangan sumber daya teknologi menghasilkan suatu revolusi sehingga menghasilkan lebih banyak bahan dan senyawa kimia. sejumlah senyawa yang diidentifikasi memiliki ancaman potensial terhadap organisme lingkungan hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi teknik pengolahan air limbah dengan menggabungkan dua sifat membran dalam mereduksi air limbah. Metode yang digunakan adalah review dari beberapa sumber pustaka dengan melakukan studi literatur terdahulu terhadap beberapa penelitian yang pernah dilakukan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menghasilkan bahwa teknologi membran sebagai salah satu instalasi unit pengolahan limbah perkembangan dan kemajuannya sangat menjanjikan dan banyak dilakukan dalam proses dengan prinsip pemisahan dan pemurnian air. Teknologi membran bisa menjadi solusi dalam pengolahan air limbah, seiring dengan perkembangannya membran dapat dikombinasikan (Hybrid Process) dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis membrane yaitu Ultrafiltrasi, Mikrofiltrasi, Nanofiltrasi dan Reverse Osmosis, akan tetapi harus diperhatikan kondisi operasional dari proses tersebut. Kata kunci: air limbah, hybrid membrane, reduksi

The Palembang city still has several locations for Final Disposal Sites, one of which is located in Sukarame District. Sukawinatan landfill began operations in 1994 with a land area of 25 hectares and has been used 15 hectares, the remaining 10 hectares of land is estimated to be able to accommodate waste until 2028. In some part, groundwater is still used for daily life originating from ground water, especially in RT 68, which is used for domestic needs such as bathing, brushing teeth, washing clothes, washing utensils, and cooking. The results showed that based on the physical parameters it was concluded that 5 odor samples fulfilled the requirements, 5 taste samples fulfilled the requirements, 4 samples of dissolved solids met the requirements, 3 turbidity samples fulfilled the requirements, and 5 temperature and color samples met the requirements. Based on the chemical parameters it was concluded that the five samples did not exceed the maximum permissible levels except for pH parameters. Based on organic chemical parameters it is concluded that all samples meet the criteria of organic chemistry. The water quality index of all well samples is very good.

The Antibiotics is the basic needs of human health serves to inhibit or kill the growth of microorganisms. Sources of activities had potential to produce antibiotic in water bodies include through a variety of activities in agriculture, animal, pharmacueticals and personal care products and industry. The river is the final disposal for all the activities, water from Musi River becomes the primary material used various aspects of life. This study aims to determine the distribution pattern of antibiotics and content in the Musi River, Palembang. The study was conducted of March until October 2019, using analytic observational research by cross sectional measurements. Sampling points at three locations, location 1 (Ampera Bridge), location 2 (Kertapati Bridge) and location 3 (Musi 2 Bridge). Stages of Laboratory Analysis were carried out to determine the type of antibiotics contained in water samples using Agilent 6540 Liquid Chromatography / Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC / Q-TOF / MS). LC / Q-TOF / MS produces good sensitivity and selectivity values and has the ability to screen untargetted drugs. Two types of antibiotics are identified, namely Ciprofloxacin and Netilmicin in all three water samples and quantitative analysis is needed to obtain the concentration.

<pre> </pre><p><strong><em><strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong></em></strong><em><em>The Santa Maria Orphanage seeks to be financially independent by making a food business. The business has been running for two years. The problem is that the manager does not yet understand the importance of Home Industry Food (P-IRT) and the unavailability of clean water at the Santa Maria Orphanage. The main sources of water used in the Orphanage are two rainwater and well water. Well water is only used for bathing and washing purposes because it is thought to have high acid levels. The activities carried out were intended to motivate business owners both the Business Manager of Santa Maria Orphanage (SanMa Business) and their two partners to seek P-IRT certificates and identify the water content used at the Santa Maria Orphanage. Based on the results of the activity feedback it is known that there is an increased understanding of the PIRT. While the results of laboratory analysis show that there are several parameters that exceed the permissible levels, namely smell, taste, color, turbidity and some metal elements.</em></em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em></em></strong><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Panti Asuhan Santa Maria berupaya untuk mandiri secara finansial dengan membuat usaha makanan. Usaha tersebut sudah berjalan dua tahun. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa pengelola belum memahami pentingnya Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga (P-IRT) dan belum tersedianya air bersih di Panti Asuhan Santa Maria. Sumber utama air yang digunakan di Panti Asuhan ada dua yaitu air hujan dan air sumur. Air sumur hanya digunakan untuk keperluan mandi dan mencuci saja karena diduga memiliki kadar asam yang tinggi. Kegiatan yang dilakukan ditujukan untuk memotivasi para pemilik usaha baik Pengelola Usaha Panti Asuhan Santa Maria (Usaha SanMa) maupun dua mitra mereka untuk mengupayakan sertifikat P-IRT dan mengidentifikasi kandungan air yang digunakan di Panti Asuhan Santa Maria. Berdasarkan hasil umpan balik kegiatan diketahui ada peningkatan pemahaman mengenai PIRT. Sedangkan hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa parameter yang melebihi kadar yang diperbolehkan yaitu bau, rasa, warna, kekeruhan dan beberapa unsur logam.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci : Panti Asuhan, P-IRT, Identifikasi Air, Air Bersih</strong></p>

This present study contribute to provide a simple technology to early detect the phenomenon of spontaneous coal combustion. A new prototype is designated to detect the CO gas formation as a product of initial coal oxidation. Moreover, several parameters including coal quality, coal weight sample, ambient temperature, and air flow were employed to investigate the effects of each parameter to the CO formation time. The results show that the coal characterisation have a significant effect in the CO formation time where the coal having a higher fixed carbon and high grass calorific values provide the high liability of spontaneous coal combustion. However, these finding only occurred in low weight sample where in the high coal weight sample only fixed carbon plays the main role in determining the CO formation time. Furthermore, the prototype ambient temperature become the important parameter in the boosting of CO formation time where airflow only enhance the CO formation time in low temperature condition (below 29°C). Moreover, these findings opens a new sight in coal management, especially in Indonesia, where controlling the coal and atmosphere temperature could effectively prevent the spontaneous coal combustion especially in coal stockpile. Nevertheless, the other factor including airflow and coal weight sample also need perfect controlling because all of these factors potentially create a perfect environment to combust the coal spontaneously.