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A combined kinetic and spectroscopic investigation is described of the heterogeneous oxidation (by hypochlorite) of an azo dye (Remazol Red RB) reactively bound to cotton. It is shown that the physical state of bound dye (e.g. its pKA and tautomeric form) and its oxidation profile with pH are similar to those of dye in homogeneous solution. Analyses are presented which suggest that the mechanism of oxidation in the two environments is similar. The oxidation of azo dyes of pyrazolone and pyridone types occurs at similar rates to arylazonaphthol dyes. This suggests that oxidation kinetics are independent of groups attached either side of the azo linkage, confirming that the site of attack is the more nucleophilic nitrogen atom of the azo group of the common anion.

Diffuse reflectance laser flash photolysis was successfully employed to study the triplet states of dyes adsorbed on or chemically attached to cotton. This technique, together with the detection of singlet oxygen from dyes on cotton, made it possible to investigate the diffusion of oxygen in cotton fibres and the mobility of dyes adsorbed onto cotton. Absorption by the triplet states of aluminium phthalocyanine chloride and eosin and the phosphorescence of singlet oxygen produced by sensitisation with rose bengal was used to monitor oxygen diffusion and dye mobility by measuring differences in triplet lifetimes, singlet oxygen lifetimes and in signal intensities. It was found that swollen cotton allows diffusion of oxygen in the fibres. However, a noticeable effect on the triplet state of adsorbed aluminium phthalocyanine chloride is only observed if oxygen is removed or added by thorough evacuation or oxygenation of the samples over several days. Singlet oxygen was quenched dynamically by adsorbed dyes, which were found to be immobilised on the fibres, demonstrating that oxygen is mobile within the fibres at the molecular level.

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