With the emergence of the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, a process of transformation of the modern economic system took place, which requires new approaches to assessing economic processes. One of such processes is the assessment of public welfare. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to assessing the level of public welfare of the population of Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and economy digitalization. To solve this problem, the methods of artificial intelligence, in particular the method of fuzzy sets theory, which allows using the incomplete information and making high-quality forecast calculations, are used. The factors influencing the level of public welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. These are the following factors: gross domestic product, poverty rate, welfare index, human development index, subsistence level, and indicators that characterize the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. the total number of COVID-19 cases, the total number of deaths from COVID-19, and the total number of vaccinations from COVID-19 in Ukraine). Using fuzzy sets theory, an economic-mathematical model for assessing the level of public welfare in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine was built. Two-dimensional dependences of the level of public welfare of Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on indicators such as gross domestic product, subsistence level, and the total number of cases of COVID-19 in Ukraine were obtained. The results of the study established that the level of public welfare in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 0-100 scale is predicted to be as follows points: 2021 – 17, 2022 – 23, 2023 – 27, 2024 – 19, 2025 – 35 and will not meet international standards.
Complex and contradictory processes of modern social transformations and the need to overcome the crisis in the economy require the appropriate influence of the state and a clear system of socio-economic management through the formation and implementation of effective state economic policy. The main elements of economic policy are financial and credit, budgetary, scientific and technical, structural, social, investment, agricultural, regional, foreign economic policy. The implementation of state economic policy is considered in terms of the relationship between social problems and the state. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the essence, tools and methods of state economic policy in modern conditions. It is also necessary to identify the main risks and features of further development of state economic policy of individual states in a global imbalance and crisis. The theoretical part is devoted to the study of the essence of state economic policy, theoretical and practical aspects of its organization in the state, as well as tools that can be used by the state. The resulting part is devoted to the consideration of the situation, in which the world economy has found itself in 2020 in the conditions of the economic COVID-19 crisis. General forecasts have not provided to individual states because it has been impossible to predict the end of the pandemic and the return of the world to normal life. However, it is clear that the world economy has undergone irreversible processes that will synergistically affect different states in different ways. The crisis has hit a significant number of industries, including tourism, logistics, hotel business, the crisis has been felt in world markets: oil prices have collapsed, as well as the stock markets. Undoubtedly, there are areas with a rapid growth, especially the pharmaceutical industry and retail, online delivery services, IT entertainment and communications industry, information marketing business and education and training services. It is likely that the indicators of economic development in the states by the end of the year will be better than the results of the first half of the year. The basic forecast of economic world development assumes a sharp growth of the economy after a short recession after quarantine. The financial capabilities of the EU states vary considerably, but each state must pursue counter-cyclical policies aimed at stabilizing its own economy. The answer to the question of what kind of crisis response policy they can afford depends on the fiscal policy of the states before the crisis. In economically developed states, where emergency measures have been introduced, governments and central banks issue trillions of dollars in government spending, social support of citizens, and interest-free business loans to limit the economic damage of quarantine. At the same time, in Latin America and Southeast Asia, total quarantine is impossible in multi-million cities. Such states have a triple effect of suffering from the virus, the environment and poverty. States dependent on the export of natural resources and raw materials, when faced with the crisis, are forced to sell them for nothing, so they will suffer great losses. More than 150 states have set up anti-crisis headquarters and are taking anti-crisis measures. The authors have also tried to predict how largescale the global economic crisis will be for Ukraine, what consequences await it, and what measures need to be taken to overcome it.
Nowadays, the profession of Jurisprudence educator is one of the most relevant and top requested among all specializations; however, in order to become a high-skilled Jurisprudence educator, one should possess significant professional qualities, including being professionally competent in the context of teaching. Taking into consideration the above mentioned, as well as based on the subject matter of the scientific article, the purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical and practical features of the professional competences’formation and development of the Jurisprudence educators. Methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, description, comparison and generalization have been applied to reveal the purpose of the scientific research. It has been established that modern Jurisprudence teachers should possess the following professional competences: to be fluent in modern legislation and other legal norms; to rely on the features and qualities of leading scientists, working in this field; to be able to interconnect private and public interests and allocate responsibility to individual cases; to be well-versed in legislative practice and to act by law in unexpected situations; to encourage students to actively participate in the learning process, while avoiding delays in classes or even truancies; to expect knowledge from their studentsin a positive light; to enlist the respect and trust of students; to treat students positively and with respect, regardless of their religious, cultural, social or linguistic background; to cooperate with parents and other students’ custodial persons; to think critically and professionally; to prepare for classesto a full extent, using modern innovative teaching methods to teach material in the classroom;to take an active part in activities organized by the tertiary educational institution, local community, etc.; to be engaged in professional development, constantly improve one’s own competences. Based on the results of the conducted study of the theoretical and practical features of the professional competences’ formation and development of Jurisprudence educators it has been established that these competences begin to form and develop even at the stage, when students (future Jurisprudence educators) study at the tertiary legal educational institutions.
This article is devoted to the study of trends in the management of global economic development in the post-pandemic period. The paper developed recommendations for further development of countries in the context of the recurrence of pandemics. With this in mind, the main trends in the development of countries during the pandemic were considered and the impact of quarantine on the economies of various countries was determined. To model the future actions of states, based on studies of the historical preconditions for the development of countries in the post-crisis period, the basic patterns were identified, allowing to predict different scenarios of world economic development. The article introduces a forecasting method of global economic development based on the quadrant of trust and affluence of the population, which allows predicting various options for post-pandemic development according to four possible scenarios. The first option is a rapid V-shaped growth, which is based on the fact that with a sufficient level of public confidence in the government, as soon as the quarantine restrictions expire, the economy will gain momentum. The second one is the long-term U-shaped growth, which is expected to take place in terms of insufficient public confidence in the government, with a population reluctant to invest in economic growth. The third one is the L-shaped development, which does not provide for economic recovery in the short run due to public distrust and the impossibility of business recovery. Finally, the fourth scenario is the worst one: it's the way of development, that occurs in case of impossibility of survival and complete distrust to the government; the population will be forced to organize protests and revolutions, thus making the economy operate even worse. According to the expectations of international regulators, V or U-shaped recovery of the world economy after the COVID-19 pandemic is expected nowadays. Most businessmen believe that post-pandemic development will be U-shaped. To improve the mechanisms of managing the development of world economies, the directions of development are proposed focused not on capitalist, but social goals. The state should occupy an important place in this process acting as a guarantor of efficient allocation of resources and providing social guarantees to the population during possible further cataclysms.
Purpose: Expanding the borders of international trade, along with the implementation of European policy "without borders" for stimulating economic and social development countries put forward demands for ensuring growth and border areas. One of the forms of such incentives is the formation of Euroregions from two or more territories of different countries. As a result, such a process revitalizes cross-border cooperation and helps eliminate the existing imbalances in economic growth. Thus, the purpose of this academic paper is to identify and analyze the organizational and financial characteristics of the development of Euroregions at the modern stage. Design/Methodology/Approach: We have used the method of comparison, graphical method, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis to conduct the research. Findings: This outlined goal has been ensured through the allocation of legal forms of Euroregions' activities the conclusion of an agreement on cooperation, the creation of private associations for cross-border purposes, as well as organizations endowed with legal capacity. At the same time, we have analyzed the financial incentives for the implementation of programs and projects, through the allocation of additional funding from European funds. Originality/Value: The paper has identified the most popular forms and directions of the Euroregions' activities, as well as outlining the problems that they come across along with determining ways to solve them.
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