Introduction:Chondrocyte is one cell in articular cartilage was products many proteins, molecules, and other factors. The external influence of cartilage, such as: hyperglycemia was entering joint capsule and impact to the chondrocytes and the cartilage. Hyperglycemia caused modification of heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (perlecan) proteins through glycation process.Aim:The aim of this study was to analyze morphological changing of chondrocytes pericellular matrix by the influence of hyperglycemia.Material and Methods:Eighteen adult male rats were divided into six groups: control, rat treated with sugar intake was 0.5 mg/kg, 0.75 mg/ kg, 1mg/kg, 1.5 g/kg and 2 mg/kg of body weight. The animal model was dislocated and left knee was taken to observe changing of chondrocytes pericellular matrix strain fields by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) from perpendicular to femoral condylus cartilage.Results:Changing of chondrocytes intracellular matrix strain fields as changing of cell diameters and cell distances at group control and group I to group V, which cell diameters was lower level and cell distances was the highest level at over diet 2. This changing of intracellular matrix strain fields was corresponding to changing chondrocytes morphology in hyperglycemia condition, due to hypertrophic stage as adaptive responses. This research as based on next research for accomplish of hyperglycemia influence to morphology articular cartilage changing to prevent degeneration of cartilage towards osteoarthritis.Conclusions:Present study concludes that hyperglycemia influence to chondrocyte intracellular matrix strain fields changing.

Introduction: Previous research found that diabetes mellitus capable to aggravate osteoarthritis disease. In brief, the hyperglycemia condition in diabetes mellitus has an impact on protein glycation of all joint components, including molecule, such as perlecan. The protein expression of perlecan reflects the presence amount of perlecan in the matrix of articular cartilage. However, the impact of hyperglycemia on articular perlecan has not been explained. Moreover, the role of perlecan as a mechanotransducer for chondrocytes in type 1 Diabetes mellitus remains unclear. Aim: This research aims to analyze the effect of hyperglycemia in type 1 Diabetes mellitus to the mRNA level and protein expression of perlecan. Methods: Thirty-five adult male rats were divided into seven groups, such as three groups of rat model with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) at right knee (ACLT1, ACLT2, ACLT3); three groups of rats with ACLT at right knee which followed by Streptozotocin injection for diabetic mice model (DM1, DM2, DM3); and control group (N). Rat sacrificed at the third week, fourth week, and sixth week after two months of maintenance. The mRNA level and protein expression were analyzed by using PCR and Western blot. All of data was analyzed by ANOVA. Results: Protein expression of perlecan in ACLT mice with diabetes mellitus (DM1, DM2, DM3 group) was gradually decreased according to the increased hyperglycemia duration. Whilst, protein expression of perlecan within ACLT mice without diabetes mellitus (ACLT1, ACLT2, ACLT3 group) was increased. The similar result also demonstrated by the mRNA level of perlecan. Group of DM1, DM2, DM3 exhibited decreased mRNA level of perlecan over the hyperglycemia duration. While, ACLT1, ACLT2, and ACLT3 group had a gradually increased of perlecan mRNA level. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia on osteoarthritic condition decreased mRNA level and protein expression of perlecan which increased the severity of osteoarthritis disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathological stage with multiple causes that is characterised by a very high level of urea in the body because the kidneys are unable to balance the metabolism of fluids and electrolytes. Previous research has demonstrated that high blood pressure is one of the causes of chronic kidney disease. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood pressure and the initial stage of chronic kidney disease. observational study of Ninety patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at the RSUD Dr. Soeroto, Ngawi participated in this cross-sectional. Subjects were required to have CKD stages I-IV, high blood pressure, to be hospitalised for the first time at RSUD dr Soeroto, Ngawi, and to have never been treated for hypertension. This study employed the Spearman rank test, which was analysed by SPSS (p<0.05). 64.5% of patients with chronic kidney disease have reached stage V. In contrast, 47.8% of patients with chronic kidney disease have stage 2 hypertension. The Spearman Rank test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) between blood pressure and the stage of chronic kidney disease at the time of initial diagnosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. The correlation coefficient has a value of 0.638, making it a strong correlation. There is a strong correlation between blood pressure and the stage of chronic kidney disease at the initial diagnosis of chronic kidney disease patients at the RSUD Dr. Soeroto, Ngawi.

Background — Diabetes mellitus caused alteration of chondrocytes morphology of superficial layer on osteoarthritic articular (OA) cartilage in an articular cartilage rat model. These results need to be analyzed in relation to hyperglycemia duration. Objective — This study evaluates the influence of hyperglycemia on microscopic anatomical damage progression in OA cartilage. Material and Methods — Thirty-five adult male rats were divided into seven groups: control group, three OA groups, and three OA groups with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMT-1). For OA groups, the first, second, and third group was sacrificed on the third, fourth, and sixth week respectively after two months maintenance. OA with DMT-1 groups were performed anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) and were injected streptozotocin intraperitoneally to promote DMT-1 for one-month maintenance. DMT-1.1, DMT-1.2, and DMT-1.3 group was sacrificed on the third, fourth, and sixth week respectively after two months maintenance. The right knee cartilage was taken and processed for histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin staining, then analyzed using a Pritzker scale. Results — In OA group with DMT-1, hyperglycemia duration (6th>4th>3th weeks exposure) increased the level of damage in the OA cartilage compared with the OA group. Pritzker scale observe on deeper abrasiveness of the superficial articular layer, cartilage fissure reaching the middle layer, a more severe decrease in the chondrocytes columnar pattern, changing of matrix integrity, and many sclerotic conditions were provoked by increasing the hyperglycemia duration. Conclusion — Hyperglycemia duration influenced the damage level in the articular cartilage, increasing the progression of OA disease in animal models.