As a result of our study, an increase in the NLR which is used as a systemic inflammatory marker, a decrease in the PLR and an increase in the MPV/Plt ratio which indicates thromboembolism risk were found for the smoker group (Tab. 3, Ref. 32).

Background/Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured within one year at an Education and Research Hospital in Turkey to identify vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (which is very commonly seen in the society) and to provide a current approach to treatment management. Materials and Methods This retrospective descriptive study was carried out by examining the data relating to 35,667 individuals. Results Of the individuals participating in the study, 94.47% had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level less than 30 ng/ml, 76.25% had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level less than 20 ng/ml, and 32.20% had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level less than 10 ng/ml. The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of all individuals included in the study was 15.2±8.8 ng/ml. The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 14.5±8.8 ng/ml among women and 18.1±8.4 ng/ml among men, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is widespread in the world and in Turkey. The data obtained from this study suggest that without measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level will be cost-effective in every age group (except for those are at risk of toxicity) as in children aged 0-1 year old in Turkey and that making a decision in this direction will make a great contribution to the economy of the country.

Objective: Nasal mucociliary activity, which is a good indicator of nasal mucosal function, is one of the most important defense mechanisms of the body. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of smoking and cigarette consumption on nasal mucociliary activity per se by singling out other factors affecting nasal mucociliary activity. Methods: One hundred ninety seven patients aged 18-55 years, one hundred twenty three smokers (case group) and seventy four non-smokers (control group), were included in the present study. Saccharin transfer time (STT) test, CO measurement, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and a questionnaire including smoking characteristics were applied to all participants. Results: No statistically significant difference was determined between the case and control group in terms of age and body mass index parameters affecting mucociliary activity. In the present study, a statistically significant difference was determined in the mucociliary transfer time between the case and the control group. Moreover, a positive correlation between saccharin transfer time (STT) and number of cigarettes smoked per day, STT and package-year, STT and total smoking years was also determined. Conclusions: In conclusion, smoking has been in the present study determined to deteriorate nasal mucociliary system with a direct proportion to the amount and total duration of smoking.

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