Objective: Depending on the antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties of Matricaria Chamomile (MC), the current study aimed to investigate if MC could protect testicles against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage. Methods: 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups (n=6/each) as follows. G1, the control group was given a single oral daily dose of distilled water (D.W) for 30 days; G2, (MTX group) rats were administered a single oral daily dose of D.W. and in day 28 the animals have received a single IP dosage of MTX; G3 six rats were given an aqueous extract of chamomile flowers at a dose of 200 mg/kg dissolved in 1 ml D.W. and on day 28 the rats have received a single intraperitoneal dose of MTX, and the last group was six rats received a methanolic extract of chamomile flowers at a dose of 200 mg/kg dissolved in 1 ml D.W. and on the day 28 the animals were received a one dosage intraperitoneal of MTX. At the end of the experiment, all animals were anesthetized and sacrificed, blood was also collected for the biochemical test as well as the testicular tissues were removed for histology examination. Results: According to biochemical assessments, notably there was no significant difference between the MTX and the other studied groups. In terms of histological examinations of animals treated with MTX, several pathological changes including vacuolization of seminiferous tubules with a reduced population of germinal epithelium were seen as compared to the control. Animals of G3 and G4 (pre-treatment with equates and alcoholic extract of MC before MTX administration) also showed some notable histopathological changes including disorganization of seminiferous tubules and tubular vacuolation. Conclusion: When comparing the control group, examination of testes with H&E staining showed that pre-treatment with Matricaria Chamomile did not affect MTX-induced testicular damage.

The level of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the blood and seminal plasma of asthenozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia patients were compared to normozoospermic males and the relationship between NGF with sperm parameters and seminal antioxidant capacity were estimated to determine the role of NGF in the etiology of male infertility. Eighty-one infertile males and 40 normospermic control subjects were included in this stud. NGF levels were measured in the blood and seminal plasma, and its correlation with total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels and sperm parameters were studied. There was a general trend of decreased in serum and seminal NGF concentrations of asthenozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic when compared to the normozoospermic samples. There was no significant association between NGF and seminal antioxidant status in asthenozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia males. Nevertheless, CAT positively correlated with sperm concentration, total sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology but only showed a statistically significant correlation to total sperm motility in asthenozoospermic males. A strong positive association was detected between seminal plasma TAC activity and total sperm motility in both asthenozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermia males. A decrease NGF levels in serum and seminal plasma could have a significant role in the etiology of impaired sperm functions.

In this study, the efficacy of eight fungi isolate against four instarlarvae of mosquito vectorCulexmolestusForska were tested.Fungi isolated and identified wereAspergillus niger,A.flavusA.candidus, Penicillium sp., Candida sp, Alternariaalternaria, Fusariumsolaniand Trichophytonviridel.The larvae were treated with different periods ranged from 48to 96 hours. The results showed the presence of a significant effect ofthe fungal filtrates A.niger and Penicillum sp. on the mortality of larvae as the percentage of mortality reached 74.85% and 64.44 %,respectively compared to the rest of the fungi.The concentration of 100% surpassed the remaining examined concentrations yielding the highest percentage of mortality 96.66% and 100% for the fungus A.niger and 68.33% and 100% for the fungus Aspergillus, respectively within 48 and 96 hours after treatment.

Diabetes is a leading health problem worldwide, so researchers continue to seek out plant-based therapies that potentially are more acceptable than pharmaceuticals in society. The current case study was conducted to gauge the effectiveness of four multiherbal compositions, including three or two of the following ingredients: cardamom pods (Elettaria cardamomum), lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia), and frankincense resin (Boswellia sacra). The mixtures were tested on rabbits induced experimentally with diabetes using alloxan. Thirty New Zealand rabbits were collected then broken into ten groups of three. One group was used for the negative control, and the other nine were induced to diabetes using alloxan (100 mg/kg) following weekly injections. Diabetes was confirmed by hyperglycemia, which was measured before and after the injections. The four multiherbal compositions were as follows: Citrus Elettaria Boswellia Extract (CEBE), all three species; Citrus Boswellia Extract (CBE), just lime and frankincense; Citrus Elettaria Extract (CEE), lime and cardamom; and Elettaria Boswellia Extract (EBE), cardamom, and frankincense. Each composition was administered intravenously, once daily, at two concentrations (500 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg). As expected, diabetic rabbits lost significant body weight in proportion to their blood glucose levels. The lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein) also significantly increased across all parameters with diabetes. The utilization of plant extracts dramatically improved blood biomarkers of cholesterol and triglycerides, weight, and blood glucose levels. Interestingly, the lower concentration of plant extract was more effective at normalizing blood parameters, which may be related to processes in the liver, i.e., xenobiotic metabolism.