Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The liver is the most commonly affected organ, and hepatic hydatid disease complications are not uncommon. Hydatid cyst superinfection, intrabiliary rupture, and direct rupture into the thoracic or abdominal cavities are the frequently encountered complications. Other exceedingly rare complications include rupture of the cyst into hollow viscera, abdominal wall invasion, and hepatic vasculature-related complications such as portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome. These complications have variable clinical presentations and imaging findings and require different medical and surgical managements. We aim to provide a spectrum of imaging findings of different common and uncommon complications of hepatic hydatid disease with emphasis on their clinical implications.

Bilateral adrenal abnormalities are not infrequently encountered during routine daily radiology practice. The differential diagnoses of bilateral adrenal abnormalities include neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. The bilateral adrenal tumors include metastasis, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and myelolipoma. Non-neoplastic bilateral adrenal masses include infectious processes and haematomas. There are different diffuse bilateral adrenal changes such as adrenal atrophy, adrenal enlargement, adrenal calcifications, and altered adrenal enhancement. In this pictorial review article, we will discuss the imaging features of these entities with emphasis on their clinical implications.

Focal and diffuse thyroid abnormalities are commonly encountered during the interpretation of computed tomography (CT) exams performed for various clinical purposes. These findings can often lead to a diagnostic dilemma, as the CT reflects the nonspecific appearances. Ultrasound (US) examination has a superior spatial resolution and is considered the modality of choice for thyroid evaluation. Nevertheless, CT detects incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) and plays an important role in the evaluation of thyroid cancer.In this pictorial review, we cover a wide spectrum of common and uncommon, incidental and non-incidental thyroid findings from CT scans. We also discuss the most common incidental thyroid findings, best practices for their evaluation, and recommendations for their management. In addition, we explore the role of imaging in the assessment of thyroid carcinoma (before and after treatment) and preoperative thyroid goiter, as well as localization of ectopic and congenital thyroid tissue.Teaching Points• Thyroid disorders tend to have non-specific CT appearances.• ITNs are common on neck CT.• ITN management depends on nodule size, age, health status, lymphadenopathy, and invasion.• CT is used in assessment of cancer extension, mass effect, invasion, and recurrence.• CT plays a role in preoperative planning in patients with symptomatic goiter.