Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The liver is the most commonly affected organ, and hepatic hydatid disease complications are not uncommon. Hydatid cyst superinfection, intrabiliary rupture, and direct rupture into the thoracic or abdominal cavities are the frequently encountered complications. Other exceedingly rare complications include rupture of the cyst into hollow viscera, abdominal wall invasion, and hepatic vasculature-related complications such as portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome. These complications have variable clinical presentations and imaging findings and require different medical and surgical managements. We aim to provide a spectrum of imaging findings of different common and uncommon complications of hepatic hydatid disease with emphasis on their clinical implications.

I nfective endocarditis (IE) is infection of the endocardium. It commonly affects the valve and chordae tendineae, as well as surfaces of prosthetic valves and implanted cardiac devices (1). Diagnosis of IE is usually based on modified Duke criteria (Table 1) (2). Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line modality used to assess for IE. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has superior temporal and spatial resolution and is usually used in the evaluation of IE (3). The improved temporal and spatial resolution of electrocardiographically (ECG) synchronized cardiac CT has resulted in increasing use of CT in the setting of . The aim of this article was to review the potential role of cardiac CT in evaluating IE.

Bilateral adrenal abnormalities are not infrequently encountered during routine daily radiology practice. The differential diagnoses of bilateral adrenal abnormalities include neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. The bilateral adrenal tumors include metastasis, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and myelolipoma. Non-neoplastic bilateral adrenal masses include infectious processes and haematomas. There are different diffuse bilateral adrenal changes such as adrenal atrophy, adrenal enlargement, adrenal calcifications, and altered adrenal enhancement. In this pictorial review article, we will discuss the imaging features of these entities with emphasis on their clinical implications.

Focal and diffuse thyroid abnormalities are commonly encountered during the interpretation of computed tomography (CT) exams performed for various clinical purposes. These findings can often lead to a diagnostic dilemma, as the CT reflects the nonspecific appearances. Ultrasound (US) examination has a superior spatial resolution and is considered the modality of choice for thyroid evaluation. Nevertheless, CT detects incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) and plays an important role in the evaluation of thyroid cancer.In this pictorial review, we cover a wide spectrum of common and uncommon, incidental and non-incidental thyroid findings from CT scans. We also discuss the most common incidental thyroid findings, best practices for their evaluation, and recommendations for their management. In addition, we explore the role of imaging in the assessment of thyroid carcinoma (before and after treatment) and preoperative thyroid goiter, as well as localization of ectopic and congenital thyroid tissue.Teaching Points• Thyroid disorders tend to have non-specific CT appearances.• ITNs are common on neck CT.• ITN management depends on nodule size, age, health status, lymphadenopathy, and invasion.• CT is used in assessment of cancer extension, mass effect, invasion, and recurrence.• CT plays a role in preoperative planning in patients with symptomatic goiter.

No abstract