Background Previous studies investigating the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in individuals with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have shown highly variable results. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence of CD in individuals with AIH. Methods Two professional librarians searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science Core Collection up until 7 February 2020. The search terms included ‘celiac disease’, ‘celiac’, ‘transglutaminases’, ‘gluten’, ‘gliadin’, ‘EMA’, ‘TTG’ and ‘villous’ combined with ‘autoimmune’, ‘hepatitis’, ‘ANA’, ‘SMA’ and ‘LKM’. This search yielded 2419 unique publications. A systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines resulted in 31 articles eligible for full text review. Fifteen articles were deemed relevant, with 8 being included in our main analysis. A fixed‐effect inverse variance‐weighted model was used, and heterogeneity was calculated. Results Our main analysis included 567 individuals with AIH from eight studies, where biopsy‐verified CD (equivalent to Marsh III) was seen in 23 individuals (4.1%). The pooled prevalence of CD in AIH was 3.5% (95% CI = 1.6%‐5.3%) (heterogeneity: P = .874; I2 = 0.0%), which is clearly higher than the 1% CD seen in most general populations. When also including studies where CD had been diagnosed through positive serology without biopsy (15 studies: n = 1817 individuals with AIH), the pooled prevalence of CD was 2.9% (95% CI = 2.1%‐3.8%) (heterogeneity: P < .001; I2 = 66.8%). Conclusion Our results demonstrate a higher prevalence of CD in individuals with AIH compared to the general population. CD screening may be considered in patients with AIH.

Purpose To determine the prevalence of celiac disease in infertile women. Methods A systematic search of four databases was conducted up until February 6, 2020. The search terms “c(o)eliac disease”, “gluten”, “vill(o)us atrophy”, “infertility” and “subfertility” yielded 1142 unique hits. Articles in other languages than English, conference abstracts, letters, and publications where relevant information was missing were excluded. In our main analysis, celiac disease had to be verified by duodenal biopsy. The titles and abstracts, and the full‐text articles were independently reviewed by two researchers. A fixed‐effect model was used to calculate the weighted prevalence. Results Based on 11 studies (1617 women), the pooled prevalence of biopsy‐confirmed celiac disease was 0.7% (95% CI = 0.2%‐1.2%) in women with any infertility. Restricting our study population to women with unexplained infertility, the pooled prevalence of biopsy‐confirmed celiac disease was 0.6% (95% CI = 0.0%‐1.6%). When including studies where celiac disease had been defined per serology (20 studies; 5158 women), the pooled prevalence of celiac disease was 1.1% (95% CI = 0.6%‐1.6%) in women with any infertility. Conclusion Our results indicate that celiac disease is not more common in infertile women than in the general population. Celiac screening in infertile women may have low yield.