This article examines gender discrimination, and investigates the relation between gender and social class relation experienced by the main female character, Carla, in the short story entitled Bob Darling by Carolyn Cooke. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative applying the concept of gender discrimination by Mansour Fakih and the concept of intersectionality by Kimberlé Crenshaw about the connection of multiple dimensions, such as gender and class in making discrimination. This study aims to find how the main female character that lives in the patriarchal culture is depicted in the story. Moreover, it is to show how social segregation strengthens the gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is unjust treatments and assumptions against someone, particularly based on a person's sex that leads to the role that he or she should play in the society. The different role however, leads to the harm and the loss of person's right in life especially for woman who lives in patriarchal culture. The results show that stereotype, subordination and violence against woman are experienced by the main female character in the society as the effect of gender discrimination. Then, social class as a division of individual classes based on levels of individual's position in society that can be determined by wealth, education, occupation, and others has a part in gender discrimination. When the woman is on lower class, she has less power and authority so that it makes a stronger discrimination against her. In conclusion, in the patriarchal culture, the discrimination against woman is not only influenced by the gender itself, but also the social class.

The ideal beauty has a significant impact on social life. Those who feel their body doesn’t meet the idealize body view, some might have body dissatisfaction and lower body appreciation. This study aims to explore a broader definition and understanding of the beauty as it is represented in Scars to Your Beautiful, a song by Alessia Cara, both its lyric and music video. Using content analysis and supported by the concept of the figure of Speech, cinematography, and representation by Stuart Hall completed the investigation on this beauty ideal. The result shows that Scars to Your Beautiful strive to redefine the term of beauty which cannot be determined only by certain criteria such as having a thin body, white skin, flawless and addressed to women only, but beauty reaches a broader definition in all shapes, sizes, colors, even the gender. These findings highlight the importance of self-love and self-acceptance in the social context. Keywords: beauty ideals, representation of beauty, body dissatisfaction

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This article discusses the Jakarta urban women body in Indonesian consumer culture as reflected in Miss Jinjing Belanja Sampai Mati (2008) by Amelia Masniari. Within consumer culture, consuming commodities is seen as a natural. However, it is the impact of the power (dominant ideologies) that present in that culture. The primary objective of this paper is to explore how the Jakarta urban woman body is constructed within Indonesia's consumer culture in which portrayed in Miss Jinjing Belanja Sampai Mati (2008) through the character of Amelia Masniari. This is a qualitative research with cultural studies approach. The concept of Mike Featherstone about the body in consumer culture is used to analyze the text. The results show that the Jakarta urban woman body as reflected through Amelia's character is constructed by capitalism, consumerism and patriarchal ideology. The emergence of these three ideologies are seen through contradictions in the text such as the contradiction between values of self-pleasure, social status as well as patriarchal values. In conclusion, the Jakarta urban woman body (Amelia) in Indonesian consumer culture as reflected in Miss Jinjing Belanja Sampai Mati (2008) is site of ideological contestation; capitalism, consumerism and patriarchal ideology. The presence of these ideologies are not mutually tearing down but mutually reinforcing one another and in the end there is coherence between each ideology.

This study is aimed at finding gender relations between male and female character as they are depicted in Willow Trees Don't 'Weep (2014) novel written by Fadia Faqir. This study employs descriptive qualitative method on feminist literary criticism as a theory to find and reveal gender issues. The text is analyzed by using feminist criticism "woman as reader" to give the evaluation and interpretation on how woman writes about woman. The result shows that there are three significant points in which gender relation in patriarchal culture is portrayed in the novel. They are male domination, discrimination towards women, and violence against women. The results were evaluated by examining female character's condition in a patriarchal society through woman's point of view based on her social life and experiences. Moreover, the country where women live is influenced the gender relation. Jordan in this case, has the strongest patriarchal system compared to Pakistan, Afghanistan, and London (the countries where Najwa lived while searching for her father).