Summary
Electricity will increasingly be produced from sources that are geographically decentralized and/or intermittent in their nature. In consequents, there is an urgent need to increase the storage of energy to guarantee the continuity of energy supply. Rechargeable zinc‐air battery is a promising technology due to the high theoretical energy density and the abundant and environmentally benign materials that are used. In the state of the art, the information about secondary zinc anode for rechargeable zinc‐air batteries is scarce. The main development of the technology has been lately concentrated on the bifunctional air electrodes while the used zinc anode is mainly based on a planar zinc electrode providing low specific energy densities for the full system. This overview compiles the available information in the literature regarding the development and manufacturing of zinc anodes for electrical rechargeable batteries applications, where secondary porous zinc electrodes are generally desired. In this context, the zinc‐based anode electrode composition (namely, active material, binder, conductive material, current collector, and additives), pretreatments, and processing techniques are described and their impact on the zinc anode performance analyzed.
An extensive characterization (SEM, AFM, mercury porosimetry, sorption, and 13C NMR)
of the particle morphology prior (isotactic PP particles) and after the gas phase reaction (hiPP particles)
was performed in an attempt to gain some knowledge of the gas phase reaction of the hiPP process. It
was found that the majority of the elastomer was finely dispersed in the i-PP matrix, but breaking the
i-PP matrix and flowing into its pores. It was also found that the interior of the particles was readily
accessible to the monomers because of the existence of a network of pores. The catalyst fragmented into
small pieces with about ≈210 atoms of Ti per fragment. The copolymer is richer in ethylene than in
propylene although the monomer concentration around the active center is [C3]/[C2] = 2.75. This behavior
could not be justified on the basis of a faster diffusivity of the ethylene with respect to the propylene and
hence must be due to higher activity of the catalyst for ethylene.
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