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Abstract. This study reports the process of item reduction of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory – EFI, a measure of interpersonal forgiveness, from 60 to 30 items for a more practical assessment of this construct. Data from the US were used in the creation of the new measure and applied to seven nations: Austria, Brazil, Israel, South Korea, Norway, Pakistan, and Taiwan. The question was: do the best EFI-30 items from the US have discriminative power in seven other cultures? Results provided the psychometric evidence for the reduced version of the EFI-30 across cultures. The discrimination values are positive, suggesting that the selected items have the sensitivity to differentiate accurately people with different degrees of forgiveness and good psychometric properties of internal consistency.

The purpose of this study was to explore individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors that may influence the physical activity of adolescents (ages 10–14) in Pakistani schools. A set of questionnaires that included individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors and PA behavior was completed by the 618 students selected from Pakistani schools. Stepwise forward regression model was applied to check the possible effects of multilevel variables on physical activity and to extract the stronger predictors. The results showed that physical activity was significantly predicted by individual level factors such as self-efficacy, motivation, and attitude. Among the demographic correlates, gender, age, and BMI did not affect physical activity, while socioeconomic status and geographic characteristics had a meaningful association with PA. At the interpersonal level, adolescents’ perception of family support had a potential influence on physical activity, while there was no impact of friends/peers and teachers support on adolescents’ PA. A school environmental characteristic, such as PA facility, was positively related to PA; however, the impact of PA equipment, safety, and policy and PA culture were statistically non-significant. The findings suggest that public health intervention strategies aimed at promoting PA in adolescents should recognize multiple levels of influences that may either enhance or impede the likelihood of PA among adolescents.

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Objective of the present study was to translate and cross language validate the Passionate Love Scale (PLS) from English language to Urdu language using forward-back translation (Brislin, 1976) procedure. It is developed by Hatfield and Sprecher (1986). It has 15 self-reported and uni-dimensional items, with 9 points rating scale ranges from 1 = not at all true to 9 = definitely true. Results showed high level of Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient α = 0.90, test retest reliability ranged from r = .73 to r = .96 (ps < .01), item total correlation varying from r = .50 to r = .74 (ps < .01) and factor loading ranged from .39 to .73. Item difficulty was determined through the Rasch scaling analysis and construct validity of the Urdu PLS secured the same one-dimensional factor structure of the English PLS by retaining 15 items. It showed that the Urdu PLS is reliable and valid tool to measure the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of passionate love in Pakistani cultural context. Implications of the study were also discussed.