Self-regulated learning is a method of the student-centered learning paradigm. This method encourages students to be actively involved in the learning process, organize themselves, recognize their capabilities, and take the initiative to decide the appropriate way to achieve the learning achievement. The use of self-regulated learning with smartphones' assistance has had a double effect on students' language proficiency. However, the self-regulated learning method with smartphone assistance in the speaking class has not been supported by current empirical studies. The evidence indicates that self-regulated learning with smartphones' assistance affects students' English skills, such as acuity in micro-and macro-linguistics analysis, improved digital literacy, enthusiasm for learning, and self-potential development autonomy. This study aimed to analyze the impact of using the self-regulated learning method with smartphones in the speaking class. This review is a quantitative study with a pre-test and post-test design that was executed between October 2020 until January 2021. 110 students were chosen as samples in this study. An English-speaking rubric has been used to obtain data; that data was then analyzed by a software application that is SPSS 24.0, which was proceeded by qualitative description. The findings demonstrate that using a self-regulated learning method with smartphone assistance has positively impacted student speaking ability. This increased effect is demonstrated by the adjusted mean score on the post-test = 82.32. English instructors are encouraged to apply this method by considering students' characteristics, cognitive capacities, learning styles, learner autonomy, and the steps of how to apply this method in the instruction process.

Culture is about human existence and the way of life, while language is about the communication system between people in a particular society or community. Language use usually reflects the habits of society, the way of thinking, the work of the brain, the history of society, and the internal relationship in society. The use of personal pronoun inclusive we it� in Manggarai language helps speakers find out the relationship between linguistic aspects and cultural values. Based on these arguments, this study aims to analyze the relationship between the two aspects that are being addressed. The data were collected through observations and interviews of the ten traditional spokespersons, then analyzed qualitatively. The finding indicates that the use of it� in all of its forms reflects the etiquette of people in Manggarai, Indonesia. Referring to the data stated, this study, therefore, concludes that the first personal pronoun plural inclusive we it�, in Manggarai language and culture demonstrates the speaker's politeness and humility in front of the hearer or listener; the speaker truly respects the interlocutor; to convey high regard for the interlocutor in a high position; to prove tribute, respect, and admiration; to show intimacy, closeness, and fraternity in the social relationship; and to show a great homage to Supreme Being.

Language is everything. Whatever people do in their daily life, when they come together, they use language. Language is tightly woven into human’s existence, that is, human is a thoughtful and ethical creation. In order to understand their humanity then we have to understand the language they use. Therefore, language is unique to human being because language it self can distinguish human from human, and human from animal. Human’s language is influenced by the social relationship between man and man. The construction of language chosen is indicated by the social status and the type of social relationship developed in the society. Conversely, the type of the social relationship and the social status are expressed in the construction of thechosenlanguage. The aim  of the study, then, is to analyze and describe the construction of politeness developed in Manggarai society for the purpose of expressing the politeness in Manggarai culture.  It is also to show the linguistic aspects developed in Manggarai language

Language is closely related to human being. All human being normally speak at least one language. It is hard to imagine much significant social, intellectual, or artistic activity taking place in the absence of language. The possession of language distinguishes humans from other animals. Even to understand our humanity we must understand the language that makes us human. Language is also connected to brain. It is believed that language is a distinctive piece of biological make up of our brains. In the contrary, if humans have disaster in their brain then automatically that disaster will bring certain negative effects in comprehending and producing language (speech production). This study discusses the relation between  brain (biological aspect of language) and language production (linguistic aspect) that is so-called neurolinguistics. The aim of the study is to show the negative effect of damaged brain in comprehending and producing language