We report on 9 patients with fracture of the penis seen during 5 years in a single hospital serving only part of a city population of less than 300,000 persons. Of the 9 patients 7 were expatriates unaccompanied by their wives. This factor possibly is significant in the social etiology of this injury. Two patients presented late and were managed conservatively, with a poor result in 1 who was not lost to followup. Of the 7 patients who underwent immediate penile exploration, evacuation of hematoma and repair of the defect 6 had no resultant penile deformity and 1 had mild shaft curvature on erection, while all retained erectile potency. We advocate an operation as the method of treatment.

The emissary veins are residual connections between intra-cerebral veins and their extra-cranial drainage. Mastoid emissary vein is a rare but definite entity which if not diagnosed preoperatively could be a cause of severe hemorrhage at the time of surgery which may prove to be life threatening. These veins may vary in size from that of a mere thread to that of a wax match or 1/8th-3/8th of an inch. We report one such case of a giant mastoid emissary vein which was opened while operating on mastoid and caused profuse bleeding which could only be controlled by surgical pack.

Blunt trauma neck to larynx is an uncommon injury that results in a wide spectrum of damage to endolaryngeal soft tissues as well as underlying cartilaginous skeleton leading to upper airway obstruction requiring emergency tracheostomy. A case report of blunt trauma neck anterior is presented who developed upper airway obstruction necessitating tracheostomy. Indirect Laryngoscopy and fi bre optic examination identifi ed vocal cord paralysis as primary cause of upper airway obstruction although X ray soft tissue neck and CT neck revealed fracture hyoid as well as hematoma surrounding the laryngeal frame work. Emergency tracheostomy was done and patient recovered uneventfully.

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases, which is defined as an inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Computed tomography (CT) scan of paranasal sinuses has become mandatory for all patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), which is, nowadays, regarded as the gold standard for treatment of CRS after a trial of medical treatment. Our aim in this study is to explore the risk factors and anatomical findings on CT scan of CRS patients who had recurrence after undergoing FESS in Government Medical College,Srinagar . METHODS: A retrospective chart review study was conducted in the department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery,GMC Srinagar, to assess the risk factors of patients with recurrent CRS after FESS. The study included all patients, who were adults 18 years of age and above of both genders that had FESS after a diagnosis of CRS between 2017 and 2019. RESULTS: The study identified 129 patients with CRS, of which 19 (14.79%) patients had recurrence after FESS. Various risk factors were taken into consideration such as age, gender, airway and inflammatory autoimmune diseases, smoking, type of sinusitis, and anatomical variations and findings on CT scan. However, only fungal type of sinusitis was found to be a significant risk factor of a recurrent CRS. Anatomical findings on CT scan postoperatively were mucosal thickening, nasal polyps, nasal septum deviation, and obliterated osteomeatal complex. CONCLUSION: CRS patients were assessed for various risk factors of recurrent CRS. The overall incidence of recurrent CRS was 14.79%. Fungal rhinosinusitis was found to be a significant risk factor. The most common anatomical findings on CT scan postoperatively were mucosal thickening in paranasal sinuses followed by nasal polyps.