Background: Epistaxis is one of the most common medical emergencies worldwide,with almost 60% of the population experiencing it at some point in their life.Our study aimed to understand the etiology and management in OPD and nonsurgical IPD settings. Methods: Our study consisted of 60 patients presenting with epistaxis over a period of one year in tertiary care setting. Detailed history was taken, followed by formulation, and putting into practice the management methodology. Results: Our results showed a male (63.3%) predominance over females (36.7%).Majority of our patients were more than 40 years in age,with 51-60 years (28.4%) being the most common age group. Hypertension, idiopathy, and trauma were the most common etiologies.All the cases were resolved with conservative (non-surgical) methods of treatment.Blood transfusion was required in only one case.Conclusions:Epistaxis,although seen at any age,is largely a geriatric problem. Hypertension, idiopathy, and trauma are the most common etiologies. Etiologies vary with age and their understanding leads to better management plans. Conservative methods remain successful in cases without any complications.

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/ or nasopharynx. LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as <a title="Cough" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cough">cough</a> and <a title="Wheezing" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheezing">wheezing</a> and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as <a title="Dysphonia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphonia">dysphonia</a>, <a title="Globus pharyngis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globus_pharyngis">globus pharyngus</a>, and <a title="Dysphagia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphagia">dysphagia</a>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>this is an observational study conducted over a period of 18 months at ENT OPD, GMC Srinagar. All patients aged 15 years and above who presented with clinical diagnosis of LPR, not taking any treatment were included. Demographic, dietary and RSI data were obtained by mean of a questionnaire. The 130 patients were recruited and given uniform treatment including antacids and PPIs and lifestyle modification. Routine follow up and assessment with repeat administration of the questionnaire and FOL was arranged for all patients at a period of 4 weeks from the initial assessment.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The 130 patients were included. 100 were females (76.9%). The mean age was 41.1. The mean RSI and RFS were 9.2 (SD 2.9) and 6.9 (SD 2.5) respectively. Highest observed were troublesome coughs (0.25) and breathing difficulties (0.37). Highest observed RFS were erythema (2.03), ventricular obliteration (1.54) and posterior commissure hypertrophy (1.18) and lowest observed was vocal cord granuloma (0). 27.7% of patients had associated dental erosions and 12.3% had symptoms suggestive of sinusitis.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> LPR in the study population was more common in females. Lack of association between RSI and RFR is note-worthy. Dietary modifications and pharmacological management are associated with statistically significant RSI and RFS improvement.</p>

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life before and after FESS among patients with nasal polyps.</p><p><strong>Material and Method</strong>: This study was done in Government Medical College Srinagar from January 2019 to December 2019 for a period of 12 months.  A total of 69 patients with nasal polyposis who underwent FESS were included in the study. They were given a questionnaire SF-36 to be fulfilled preoperatively, 3 months and at 6 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: The preoperative SF-36 score was 79.35 and postoperative score was 83.62 at 3 months, 86.88 at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: SF-36 questionnaire values showed improvement at 3 months and then at 6 months of follow up.</p>

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases, which is defined as an inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Computed tomography (CT) scan of paranasal sinuses has become mandatory for all patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), which is, nowadays, regarded as the gold standard for treatment of CRS after a trial of medical treatment. Our aim in this study is to explore the risk factors and anatomical findings on CT scan of CRS patients who had recurrence after undergoing FESS in Government Medical College,Srinagar . METHODS: A retrospective chart review study was conducted in the department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery,GMC Srinagar, to assess the risk factors of patients with recurrent CRS after FESS. The study included all patients, who were adults 18 years of age and above of both genders that had FESS after a diagnosis of CRS between 2017 and 2019. RESULTS: The study identified 129 patients with CRS, of which 19 (14.79%) patients had recurrence after FESS. Various risk factors were taken into consideration such as age, gender, airway and inflammatory autoimmune diseases, smoking, type of sinusitis, and anatomical variations and findings on CT scan. However, only fungal type of sinusitis was found to be a significant risk factor of a recurrent CRS. Anatomical findings on CT scan postoperatively were mucosal thickening, nasal polyps, nasal septum deviation, and obliterated osteomeatal complex. CONCLUSION: CRS patients were assessed for various risk factors of recurrent CRS. The overall incidence of recurrent CRS was 14.79%. Fungal rhinosinusitis was found to be a significant risk factor. The most common anatomical findings on CT scan postoperatively were mucosal thickening in paranasal sinuses followed by nasal polyps.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is typically a persistent disease insidious in ONSET, affecting the mucoperiosteal lining of middle ear cleft, often capable of causing severe destruction and irreversible sequelae and manifests clinically with hearing impairment and discharge. Successful management of unsafe CSOM has posed challenge before otolaryngologists for ages.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The prospective study is based on 40 patients of unsafe CSOM who were managed and followed up in the post graduate department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery of Government medical college Srinagar with relevant data was recorded on the proforma.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All the patients who underwent single stage tympanomastoid surgery with or without ossicular chain reconstruction had no evidence of recurrent disease at follow up with 82.5% were below the age of 40, of which 40% were between 21 to 30 years. Males were more involved than females (1.2:1), also CT scan findings were co related with intra operative findings during our study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion a perfectly performed canal wall down mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty with us without ossiculoplasty in same sitting give good and acceptable post-operative results as far as the hearing improvement and dry and safe ear is concerned.</p>