Fenolik merupakan senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan untuk merubah atau mereduksi radikal bebas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi antara kadar fenolik total terhadap aktivitas penangkap radikal ekstrak etanol daun Piper betle (Sirih), Sauropus androgynus (Katuk), Averrhoa bilimbi (Belimbing Wuluh), dan Guazuma ulmifolia (Jati belanda). Penentuan aktivitas antiradikal dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) terhadap ekstrak etanol daun keempat spesies. Absorbansi dibaca pada λ 517,6 nm pada waktu 30 menit. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan penetapan kadar fenolik total dengan metode Follin Ciocalteu yang dinyatakan dalam Gallic Acid Equivalent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Sirih (IC50 = 22,067 µg/mL; GAE = 210,11 mg/g sampel) mempunyai aktivitas antiradikal lebih besar dibandingkan ekstrak etanol daun Jati Belanda (IC50 = 126,29 µg/mL; GAE = 95,465 mg/g sampel), ekstrak etanol daun Belimbing Wuluh (IC50 = 112,82 µg/mL; GAE = 64,84 mg/g sampel), dan ekstrak etanol daun Katuk (IC50 = 310,82 µg/mL; GAE = 42,79 mg/g sampel). Koefisien korelasi dari persamaan regresi linier antara IC50 dan kadar fenolik total dalam GAE menunjukkan 64,9% aktivitas antiradikal ekstrak disumbangkan oleh kandungan fenolik totalnya. Kata kunci: Piper betle, Sauropus androgynus, Averrhoa bilimbi, Guazuma ulmifolia, antiradikal, fenolik, DPPH.

Melastoma af� ne D. Don had some activities such as anthelmintic, antibacteria, antiin� ammation, antifungal, and antitumor . The aims of this research was determine antibacteria activity of ethanolic extract of Melastoma af� ne D. Don. The antimicrobial activity was tested by solid dilution method to get Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC). The compounds in Melastoma af� ne D. Don was analyzed by tube test method and ThinLayer Chromatography (TLC) with chloroform : methanol : formic acid (8,5:1,5:0,5) as mobile phase and silica gel GF254 as stationary phase. The result showed ethanolic extract of Melastoma af� ne D. Don contains alkaloid, polyphenol, � avonoid, saponin, and essential oil. The MIC of Senggani against Staphylococcus aureus was 2% and 3% against Escherichia coli and the extract could not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli multiresistant until concentration 7% extract ethanol.

Objective: Muntingia calabura L fruits have several advantages for health and can be consumed as alternative medicine. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract (ME) and fractions of M. calabura L fruits against non-specific immune response in mice and its total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Methods: This research using carbon clearance assay or phagocytosis method which was done on mice. Seventy male Swiss mice were divided into 14 groups. Mice were treated with ME, hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane fraction (DF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of M. calabura L. orally at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg daily for 7 days. Zymosan with a dose of 15 mg/kg was used as a positive control and given intraperitoneally, and CMC Na was used as a negative control. On the 8th day, mice were injected with carbon ink suspension intravenously and blood samples were taken at the minutes of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30. Furthermore, the transmittance was measured at λ 675 nm. The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and flavonoid content was measured using the AlCl3 method. Results: Zymosan, ME, and EAF of M. calabura L. at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed a strong immunostimulatory effect (phagocytic index >1.5) while the HF and DF groups showed that the higher doses decreased the phagocytic index. The total phenolic contents of ME, HF, DF, and EAF were 27.90, 11.11, 16.72, and 30.11%, respectively, while the flavonoid contents were 4.07, 0.17, 3.07, and 1.86%, respectively. Conclusion: ME and EAF of M. calabura L. fruits have immunostimulatory activity.

The ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale L. leaves contains phenolic compounds,  avonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and steroids that could have antioxidant activity. The aim of this research was to determine the correlation between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic compounds of the ethanol extract of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf. The DPPH methode was used to determine the antioxidant activity. The total phenolic determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract of cashew leaf with correlation coef cient R2 = 0.5888.Keywords: Anacardium occidentale L., antioxidant, phenolic compounds

Oxidation reactions to foods and drugs can be inhibited by using antioxidants that binding to free radicals and reactive molecules. The Ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel and orange (Citrus reticulata) peel have antioxidant activity potency. The aim of this research is knowing the antioxidant activity of combination Ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel and orange (Citrus reticulata) peel. IC50 for antioxidant activity potency between Ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel and orange (Citrus reticulata) peel is expected to increase the antioxidant activity if used a combination that can inhibit oxidation reaction. IC50 indicates the inhibit concentration of antioxidant activity. The compound that has the highest antioxidant activity will show lowest level of IC50. The antioxidant activity test was performed by DPPH method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer on 516 nm and color change of DPPH from purple to yellow when both of them react with an antioxidant compound. The results of IC50 of banana peel extract was 114 mcg / mL; IC50 of orange peel extract was22.2 mcg / mL. The highest inhibition of the combination of both extracts was 73.53% consisting of 25 μL (0,005%) sample of tangerine orange peel extract and 75 μL (0,015%).The biggest inhibition of the combination of both extracts was 73.53% consisting of 25 μL (0.005%) samples of tangerine orange peel extract and 75 μL (0.015%).