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BackgroundDietary patterns have a crucial role in modulating chronic inflammation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and inflammation markers and metabolic syndrome components in adolescents (n = 343).MethodsFasting glucose, fasting insulin and lipid profile were analyzed and blood pressures were measured. Analysis of inflammation markers such as sedimentation, leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was also performed. The DII scores were calculated based on the adolescent’s 3-day food consumption records.ResultsThe dietary inflammatory score varied between 1.04 and 5.11 (3.6 ± 0.82). There was no significant difference in leukocyte and CRP levels between quartiles (p > 0.05). Those in the fourth quartile were observed to have higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the others (p < 0.05). In the multiple regression analysis, a positive correlation existed only between IL-6 and DII, independent of other inflammatory markers (β = 0.272; p < 0.05). The DII was associated with glucose intolerance (odds ratio [OR] for DII quartile 4 compared to 1 = 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–10.4) and dyslipidemia (OR for DII quartile 4 compared to 1 = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.7–16.8).ConclusionsThese data suggest that a higher DII score was significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and some metabolic syndrome components in adolescents. Hence, DII can be used to determine the inflammatory potential of a diet and a healthy diet with anti-inflammatory properties that may be conducive to the prevention of metabolic disorders.

What is already known on this topic? Despite the highly effective salt iodization programs, ID continues to be a problem around the world. What this study adds? This study demonstrates the effect of the iodization program on the iodine status of the population in Antalya, 16 years after it was launched.

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