Viral suppression assesses the success of HIV/AIDS treatment and can avert or reduce transmission of infection. Several factors contribute to viral suppression and may vary in different settings and age groups, hence the need to study the associated factors in different populations. The aim of the research was to study the level of viral suppression and its predictors among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV), who knew their status, at the paediatric infectious diseases unit of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 50 consecutive ALHIV who had full disclosure of their HIV diagnosis. There were 29 females with a female to male ratio of 1.38:1. Age range was 10 to 19 years. Mean age was 15.06 ± 2.26 years. A pretested questionnaire was used together with information retrieved from case notes. Socio-demographic data and responses to possible factors affecting viral suppression were obtained and recorded in a proforma. Viral load ranged from <40 to 522,244 HIV RNA copies/ml of blood. Viral suppression rate was 82.00 with 22.00% in those aged 10 to 14 years and 60.00% in those between 15 and 19 years. Factors significantly associated with viral suppression were: Parents being alive (p=0.035), caregivers being on routine medications (p=0.003), missing medications (p=0.0001), number of missed doses of antiretroviral medications (p=0.001), and the current regimen of antiretroviral therapy (p=0.034). In conclusion, viral suppression is approaching UNAIDS target for 2020 and factors related to good adherence to antiretroviral regimens were significant associations.

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Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a consequence of birth asphyxia. In resource poor countries like ours, birth asphyxia still contributes to the high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality. A few studies have reported the incidence of AKI in birth asphyxia in Nigeria but none from Uyo, south-south region of Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study carried out in the Newborn Unit of the University of Uyo Teaching hospital, Uyo, Nigeria over a period of eight months. One hundred and four term neonates with provisional diagnosis of birth asphyxia using Apgar scoring were recruited. Blood sample was collected within six hours of life from each subject for serum creatinine estimation using modified Jaffe method. Urine output was assessed by application of plastic collection bag to the skin by adhesive patch. AKI was diagnosed when sCr >1.5mg/dl while oliguria was defined as urinary output <1.5ml/kg/hour.Results: Of the total of 104 asphyxiated neonates enrolled into the study, 56 (53.8%) were males while 48 (46.2%) were females giving a male/female ratio of 1.2:1. Twenty-eight (26.9%) of the subjects had severe birth asphyxia; 52 (50%) had moderate birth asphyxia while 24 (23.1%) were mildly asphyxiated. Incidence of AKI was 48 (46.1%), twelve (11.5%) had AKI based on serum creatinine criteria while 36 (34.6%) had AKI based on urinary output criteria. The mean urinary output (ml/kg/hr) for the subjects was 1.65±0.68 while the mean serum creatinine (mg/dl) was 0.88±0.46.Conclusions: The incidence of AKI among asphyxiated neonates in our locale is high at 46.1%.

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