The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to reach 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs 6 deals with water security, which refers mainly to ensure availability and sus-tainable management of water. The present study aims to enhance reservoir performance under climate change to deal with water scarcity. For this purpose, we proposed a new methodology where precipitation and evaporation data provided through temporal downscaling are leveraged by a real-time management algorithm coupled with the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The real-time dam management algorithm is based on water balance equation and rule curves. It provides information about (1) dam storage, (2) dam release, (3) dam evaporation, (4) dam diversion, (5) spilled water volume, (6) emergency spilled water volume, (7) dam inflow, (8) irrigation demand, (9) irrigation shortage, (10) dam siltation, (11) dam hydropower produc-tion, ( 12) hydropower energy income. The developed approach has been applied to the Hassan Addakhil multipurpose reservoir in Morocco. The result shows that the dam reliability and resili-ence have increased from 40% to 70% and from 16% to 66%, respectively, while the vulnerability remained constant. Additionally, this study has pointed out that the installation of a hydropower plant is an opportunity to produce clean electrical energy and generate an income enough to cov-er different costs related to dam management and maintenance. Therefore, the real-time man-agement tool developed in the framework of this project can significantly enhance reservoir per-formance.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of heavy metal contamination in the spoil heaps of the former Ain Aouda mine (Taza). In this regard, solid samples of the study area were sampled. The set of analyses carried out have detected the presence of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) that remain in these metal discharges. The calculation of contamination/pollution indices: the Geo Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Index (IP) were used to predict the extent of heavy metal contamination. The results of this study suggest that the spoil heaps reveal polymetallic contaminations allowing the trace metal elements to be classified in the following order Zn ˃ Pb ˃ As ˃ Cu > Ni. Knowing well that the alteration and erosion of this stock of mine waste could contribute to the degradation of the natural environment by these elements that are present.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) threats the soils and water bodies in the territories of the sulfide mining activities all over the world. Bouaazza's mine (NE Morocco) lead and sulfides exploitation resulted in the surface exposure of large superficies of acid discharges. The results of physicochemical and geochemical analysis indicate an acidic pH (3.0-7.0) of water samples, with concentrations of lead exceeding Moroccan standards (50 µg/L). The pH in soils is considered from slight up to moderate acidic (< 6.5), with low limestone content (< 6% of CaCO 3 ), and high lead and zinc values exceeding international standards (300 mg/kg). These results indicate the high health risk generated by the absence of environmental monitoring of the mining operations which threaten the water quality in the surrounding area.

The exploitation of the Ain Aouda zinc lead mine in the Tazekka massif (Morocco) has abandoned spoil heaps stored directly on a karstified carbonated ground, without any means of precaution. The heaps were exposed to the weather agents, such as water infiltration and air circulation, which would generate a real source of pollution for the ecosystem. This pollution will inevitably produce effluents that can be loaded with metals and metalloids, which will have a significant negative influence on the soil and the environment. In this regard, the objective of this study was to confirm the existence of contamination of soils by using the technique of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, and of spoil heaps by X-ray diffractometry, which confirmed the contamination by zinc, arsenic, lead and copper. Their maximum concentrations are 19858.800 (ppm), 1280.700 (ppm), 495.750 (ppm), and 328.65 (ppm), respectively. Nevertheless, it was noted that the pH of the majority of soils always remains basic, due to the significant presence of carbonates, the majority of soils are calcareous (15% to 30%) to very calcareous (> 30%). It was noticed that the phenomenon of neutralization occurs.

In order to evaluate the degree of sediment contamination by metallic trace elements in the watershed of Oued Inaouene (North-East of Morocco), samples of surface sediments were taken along the river and at the level of the Idriss 1 st dam. The objective was to obtain thorough knowledge of the environment (metallic element content, organic matter content, granulometry, and pH, EC, CaCO 3 content) in order to identify the degree of pollution in these sediments. The results of analysis have highlighted a contamination accentuated by Ba, Sr, P, Cu, Pb, In fact, this element is present at very high levels, with a maximum content ppm for the samples taken upstream of Oued Inaouene. This increase is related to the physicochemical conditions of the environment, despite the diversity of sources of pollutants. The analysis of hazardous heavy metals showed the values under the detection limits. The qualitative study allowed to identifying the source of contamination, it is an anthropogenic source related to the discharges of cities in vicinity of Oued Inaouene, and natural considered as the main source of pollution by trace elements of sediments that constitute an important reserve of pollutants in the environment