The study of lead-free low-melting sealing glass with properties such as low glass transition temperature (T g ), low softening temperature (T s ), good wettability on the substrate, is in process. One of the low-sintering lead-free glass compositions, the bismuth glass system is considered to be an alternative to lead oxide glass. Research on the development of lead-free low-melting sealing glass in ZnOP 2 O 5 Bi 2 O 3 (ZPB) system was prepared and the effects of substitution of Bi 2 O 3 for ZnO on the structural, thermal, and wetting properties of a sealing glass were studied. The changes in T g , T s and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) may reflect decreasing connectivity of the glass structure, due to the increasing BiO bonds. This structure changes have an effect on wettability on the substrate. The addition of higher amounts of Bi 2 O 3 improved the wettability of the glass on the substrate. The ZPB glass, possessing properties of low T g and good wettability, is suitable for low-to-mid temperature sealing applications.

The crystallization kinetics and catalytic properties with amount of precipitated CePO 4 of a 60P 2 O 5 9B 2 O 3 24ZnO7CeO 2 glass was investigated. The kinetic parameters, activation energy for crystallization (E c ), and Avrami constant (n) were evaluated under non-isothermal conditions using different thermal analysis (DTA) performed at different heating rates. The DTA curves exhibited two overlapping exothermic peaks associated with the crystallization of the glass. BPO 4 was the first crystalline phase to be formed, and it was followed by the formation of CePO 4 , as identified by XRD. The calculated values of the local activation energies for the growth of BPO 4 were 663 kJ mol .54, respectively. The catalytic properties with the amount of precipitated CePO 4 were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which showed that the greater the amount of CePO 4 precipitated, the more the catalytic properties of the glass decreased.

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Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of Jeokbaekhaogwanjoong-tang (JGT) distillate in spleen cells of aged rats. Methods : This experiment was performed using spleen cells of 10w, 52w, 72w old sprague dawley (SD) rats. The spleen cells of 10, 52, 72 weeks old rats were divided into three groups; DW group, Vit. C group, and JGT group. The cells of DW group were treated with distilled water. The cells of Vit.C group were treated with Vitamin C. And the cells of JGT group were treated with JGT distillate. After the treatment of DW, Vit.C, and JGT, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were measured.Results : In the spleen cells of 72 weeks old rats, SOD activity was significantly increased in the JGT group compared to those in the DW group and the Vit.C group. In the spleen cells of 52 weeks old rats, GSH activity was significantly increased in the JGT group compared to the Vit.C group, and NO concentration was significantly decreased in the JGT group compared to the DW group and the Vit.C group. MDA concentration was not changed significantly in any cell groups by the treatment of JGT distillate.Conclusions : Jeokbaekhaogwanjoong-tang (JGT) distillate may have an anti-oxidative effects in the spleen cells of aged rats. Further investigation is needed for the anti-aging effect of JGT.

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