This article describes the results of studies conducted by the authors to study the destruction processes of stable emulsion suspension sludge systems. Destruction processes are achieved by adding nanoparticles to demulsifying compositions. Currently, there is no universal composition of demulsifier that effectively destroys emulsions formed in oil sludges. To solve this problem, the authors conducted research on the creation of an effective demulsifier containing nanosized particles of fullerenes. The studies were carried out with dispersed oil-slurry emulsion-suspension systems, selected from open storage ponds of enterprises of JSC «Tatoilgaz» and JSC «TAIF-NK». For the destruction of the oil-containing system of the emulsion-suspension type, a composite mixture of complex action has been developed, which includes anionic wetting agents, nonionic surfactants, flotation reagents, detergents and alkaline buffer solutions that provide the required value of a constant indicator of the acid-base balance of the aqueous medium. A composite demulsifying mixture of complex action, which increases the effectiveness of the wetting washing action of surfactants, namely, the diphilic structure of the dispersed medium changes to hydrophilic, that is, the contacts of particles having a monophilic surface with the hydrocarbon phase of the emulsion medium are broken. Then the particles pass from the boundary of the phase separation into the water volume, thereby contributing to the destruction of the layers on the surface of emulsified water. The process of dehydration of petroleum products is intensified, the duration from 6 to 8 hours is reduced to from 3 to 4 hours. During the research, it was possible to intensify and increase the efficiency of the oil preparation process during its dehydration.

To improve physical and mechanical properties of pavements new materials with nanomodified additives are being actively developed. The authors are investigating the properties of road petroleum bitumen with nanomaterial Taunit. At the initial stage, oil bitumen was heated to 100 о C. Then carbon nanomaterial «Taunit» was added. After that, the mixture was stirred in an ultrasonic homogenizer until even distribution of the carbon nanomaterial in the total volume. The process of cooling of the final structure was carried out until the end of the crystallization process. Then, the specimens are exposed to tension and strength tests with a constant rate of deformation or loading until the moment of rupture on the testing machines. Mixing with other components of asphalt concrete in the standard mode follows the nanomodification of the bituminous mixture. Under increased temperatures the bitumen mixture keeps properties of an effective binder. It was revealed that the modified carbon bitumen has good thermal properties, namely, it has a higher softening temperature (∆t is in the range from 6 to 10ºС). The indicator, which indirectly characterizes the degree of hardness of bitumen solutions, is within the limits of GOST standards, decreases by 15-20%.

Spraying with herbicides allows you to successfully control weeds. When processing perennial plantations of fruit and berry crops, a certain problem is bypassing the tree trunk. To ensure the quality of soil cultivation in the near-stem areas, a sprayer design with a rotary device was developed. The novelty of this design is confirmed by the patent of the Russian Federation. In the theoretical aspect, a study was made of the uniformity of surface treatment of near-stem zones. As a result, the dependence of the treatment area of the near-stem zones on the diameter of the boles, the distance between them and the angle of rotation of the sprayer's working body was obtained. The uniformity criterion was the maximum area of processing and the minimum area of double processing of the zone near the bole. The optimal initial installation angle of the working body was 58°…60°.

At present, the problem of depletion of forest resources and the associated increase in the export shoulder and the corresponding logistics costs are increasingly felt. Today, as one of the solutions to this issue, the concept of using timber terminals has been applied, when the processing of roundwood into a more appropriate form, including for transportation, is carried out in close proximity to the cutting area. The overall efficiency of timber terminals is affected by the equipment operated on them, in particular, the sawmill. This article discusses the main types of sawmills according to the type of working body: tire, frame, tape and disk, indicating their positive and negative qualities for direct use in timber terminals. The article also formulates tasks aimed at improving the energy sustainability of timber terminals - as production sites for deep processing of timber.

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