ObjectiveTo investigate the early neonatal outcomes of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants discharged home from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Turkey.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study was performed between April 1, 2016 and April 30, 2017. The study included VLBW infants admitted to level III NICUs. Perinatal and neonatal data of all infants born with a birth weight of ≤1500 g were collected for infants who survived.ResultsData from 69 NICUs were obtained. The mean birth weight and gestational age were 1137±245 g and 29±2.4 weeks, respectively. During the study period, 78% of VLBW infants survived to discharge and 48% of survived infants had no major neonatal morbidity. VLBW infants who survived were evaluated in terms of major morbidities: bronchopulmonary dysplasia was detected in 23.7% of infants, necrotizing enterocolitis in 9.1%, blood culture proven late-onset sepsis (LOS) in 21.1%, blood culture negative LOS in 21.3%, severe intraventricular hemorrhage in 5.4% and severe retinopathy of prematurity in 11.1%. Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed in 24.8% of infants. Antenatal steroids were administered to 42.9% of mothers.ConclusionThe present investigation is the first multicenter study to include epidemiological information on VLBW infants in Turkey. Morbidity rate in VLBW infants is a serious concern and higher than those in developed countries. Implementation of oxygen therapy with appropriate monitoring, better antenatal and neonatal care and control of sepsis may reduce the prevalence of neonatal morbidities. Therefore, monitoring standards of neonatal care and implementing quality improvement projects across the country are essential for improving neonatal outcomes in Turkish NICUs.

: A major problem associated with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in pregnancy is neonatal thrombocytopenia. We analyzed newborns born to mothers with ITP and examined predictive factors for thrombocytopenia. This retrospective study was performed in a single academic center from January 2007 to January 2018. Pregnant women with ITP and their babies are included. All neonates had a complete blood count and cranial ultrasound (USG) performed. Twenty seven neonates of 22 mothers were evaluated. A total of 23 (85%) of neonates were thrombocytopenic (<150 × 10/l) and in 20 (74%) platelet count was below 50 × 10/l. Median platelet count was 30 (4-300) × 10/l. One baby experienced intracranial hemorrhage, eight (29.6%) had minor bleeding. When babies with and without minor bleeding were compared; no significant difference was found regarding maternal age, duration of ITP, lowest and 'before delivery' platelet count, treatment during pregnancy and splenectomy. Cutoff value of platelet count for bleeding was calculated as 27 × 10/l with a sensitivity of 0.88 and specifity of 0.79. Strong correlation for postnatal thrombocytopenia was detected among siblings. Although the incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia might be high, the incidence of poor neonatal outcomes is extremely low. Neonatal thrombocytopenia does not rely on maternal profile. The occurrence of neonatal thrombocytopenia and bleeding may be a risk factor for subsequent pregnancies. We suggest that the cutoff value for neonatal platelet count for bleeding can be used for management and treatment of neonates born to mothers with ITP.

Neonates with Down syndrome (DS) may have hematological abnormalities such as polycythemia, thrombocytopenia and transient leukemia (TL). The primary objective of this study was to report the descriptive data of complete blood counts (CBC) of neonates with DS, which were obtained within first week of life. We wanted to focus on neonates with hematological abnormalities and compare them among those with and without TL. The secondary objective was the description of hematological malignancies in the first six years of life. Medical records of 100 neonates with DS between 2006-2018 were assessed. Hematological abnormalities were present in 73/100. We detected anemia in 16, polycythemia in eight, microcytosis in 10, leukopenia in two, leukocytosis in 11, thrombocytopenia in 26, thrombocytosis in 7 and TL in 11 patients. TL group had higher levels of leukocyte count (115.0±93.0x10 3 /mm 3) when compared with neonates without TL (11.7±5.6x10 3 /mm 3) (p<0.001). No other statistically significant difference between groups for hemoglobin, MCV and platelet count levels was detected. In the follow-up period, two patients developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and one Burkitt lymphoma. None of the TL survivors developed myeloid leukemia of Down Syndrome (ML-DS). Thrombocytopenia may be detected frequently in DS and it may not be a part of TL. We suggest that CBC with peripheral blood film should be evaluated for every patient to check for TL and other hematological disturbances. Despite the fact that none of our TL survivors developed overt leukemia (ML-DS), we also suggest that patients with DS be followed due to the risk of developing leukemia.