The results suggest that BM microenvironment and leukemic cell-stroma interaction influences the secretion of Ang 1, 2 and SDF 1α, thus, may affect both angiogenesis, homing and mobilization of leukemic blasts.

: A major problem associated with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in pregnancy is neonatal thrombocytopenia. We analyzed newborns born to mothers with ITP and examined predictive factors for thrombocytopenia. This retrospective study was performed in a single academic center from January 2007 to January 2018. Pregnant women with ITP and their babies are included. All neonates had a complete blood count and cranial ultrasound (USG) performed. Twenty seven neonates of 22 mothers were evaluated. A total of 23 (85%) of neonates were thrombocytopenic (<150 × 10/l) and in 20 (74%) platelet count was below 50 × 10/l. Median platelet count was 30 (4-300) × 10/l. One baby experienced intracranial hemorrhage, eight (29.6%) had minor bleeding. When babies with and without minor bleeding were compared; no significant difference was found regarding maternal age, duration of ITP, lowest and 'before delivery' platelet count, treatment during pregnancy and splenectomy. Cutoff value of platelet count for bleeding was calculated as 27 × 10/l with a sensitivity of 0.88 and specifity of 0.79. Strong correlation for postnatal thrombocytopenia was detected among siblings. Although the incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia might be high, the incidence of poor neonatal outcomes is extremely low. Neonatal thrombocytopenia does not rely on maternal profile. The occurrence of neonatal thrombocytopenia and bleeding may be a risk factor for subsequent pregnancies. We suggest that the cutoff value for neonatal platelet count for bleeding can be used for management and treatment of neonates born to mothers with ITP.

Thirty-nine children with Fanconi aplastic anemia (FAA) have been followed up in our center between January 2008 and November 2010. Eight of these children (20%) with a transfusional iron overload had been undergoing deferasirox treatment during the study period. In the English literature, transfusional iron overload and the use of an iron chelator in children with FAA has not yet been evaluated. Here, we have presented the effectivity and tolerability of deferasirox in children with FAA and a transfusional iron overload. Before the deferasirox treatment, the mean serum ferritin level was 3377 ± 2200 ng/mL. After a mean 13.6-month treatment duration, the mean ferritin level decreased to 2274 ± 1300 ng/mL (P<0.05). In our series, 3 patients had renal and 3 had hepatic toxicity during the treatment. Two patients had peliosis hepatis and 2 had congenital renal abnormalities before the treatment. There may be differences in the side-effect profiles of deferasirox treatment in patients with FAA. In our series, despite the low number of cases, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity were common side effects instead of gastrointestinal disturbances reported in other studies. Deferasirox is an oral, easily applicable, and effective iron chelator; baseline hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity may increase the development of toxic side effects in children with FAA. Patients with FAA receiving deferasirox treatment should be followed up closely for these side effects.

Introduction: Cobalamin (Cbl) deficient infants are mostly outpatients. Medical literature is very limited concerning infants with severe Cbl deficiency requiring intensive care. The aim of this study was to describe infants requiring intensive care whose health issues were primarily related to Cbl deficiency. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective observational study performed at the pediatric intensive care unit at a children's hospital. Patients aged 6-24 months with low serum Cbl level coexisting with cytopenia (s) and/or macrocytosis, high levels of iron, ferritin and transferin saturation and whose clinical symptoms necessitating intensive care at diagnosis and resolving after Cbl therapy were included. Infants with chronic diseases and birth asphyxia history were excluded. Results: Seven infants were included in the study. The mean age and Cbl level at presentation was 11±5 months and 50±27 pg/mL, respectively. The presenting complaints were diarrhea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, seizure, respiratory distress and cyanosis after feeding. Three patients needed mechanical ventilation. Megaloblastic changes were detected in five patients who underwent bone marrow aspiration. Cerebral atrophy was found in six of the patients on cranial imaging. Only one patient developed neurological disability during long-term follow-up. Conclusion: This retrospective study was performed to emphasize the importance of Cbl deficiency in infants requiring intensive care or who had serious deterioration of organ functions. Cbl deficiency in children may lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure or neurological disorders. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment may not only be life saving but also improves quality of life in long-term follow-up.

Objective: Anemia is a common public health issue, causing an increase in mortality and morbidity, especially in pregnant women and children. WHO reported the prevalence of anemia in preschool children as 47.4%, and incidence of anemia is gradually increasing. Iron deficiency is responsible for approximately 50% of cases with anemia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and the underlying causes of anemia in pediatric patients who were admitted to a reference hospital. Method: This cross-sectional study was planned retrospectively and children between 0.5-15 years of age who were admitted to our hospital for any indication between July 2017-July 2018 were included. Sampling Among these patients with anemia, those with hemoglobin values less than 11 g/dl were included in the study. Results: The incidence of anemia was detected as 8.2% (n=4655). The median age of anemic children was three years, and 54.4% of them were male. Anemia was more common among 2-5 year-old-children (50.8%). The prevalence of anemia was higher in boys between ages of 0.5-1 and 2-5 years, while it was higher in girls between ages of 10-12 and 13-15 years with a statistically significant difference. The median hemoglobin value was 10.2 (min-max: 2.8-10.9) g/dl, and MCV was 74.5 (min-max: 46.9-126.8) fl. Conclusion: The incidence of anemia in a reference centre in Black Sea region of Turkey in children between 0.5-15 years of age is 8%. The laboratory parameters were consistent with a probable diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. The majority of patients (64%) had mild anemia. Collaboration between physicians and parents in the prevention and treatment of anemia is critical in protecting children from anemia, which is the cause of preventable mental retardation.